雙親教養態度、家庭功能與青少年憂鬱傾性關係之追蹤研究

The Relationship of Parental bonding、Family function and Adolescent Depressive Disposition：A Follow-up Study

李仁宏(Jen-Hung Li)

指導教授 ： 林耀盛

高雄醫學大學/健康科學院/行為科學研究所/碩士(2004年)

摘要

本研究的目的在於探討雙親教養態度、家庭功能與青少年憂鬱之間的關係，並透過追蹤研究，評估目前青少年的憂鬱狀況，探討其中的危險因子以及可能的解釋。
本研究的研究對象來自屏東市某公立國中學生（N=1028），以「兒童憂鬱量表」、「雙親教養態度量表」「家庭功能量表-兒童時期版」為研究工具，評估研究對象感受到的雙親教養態度、家庭功能以及目前憂鬱的狀況，追蹤一年時間。並以樣本在「兒童憂鬱量表」的表現將之分為高風險與低風險兩組，比較兩組之間的雙親教養態度與家庭功能之差異。以描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、雪費氏事後比較、邏輯式迴歸分析、路徑分析對所收集的資料進行統計分析與處理。
研究結果顯示：（一）在兩次的憂鬱評估中，第一年與第二年分別有10.1％（104人）、12.5％（128人）屬於高風險組；此外，兩次皆為高風險者有5.6％（58人）；第一次高風險、第二次低風險者有4.4％（45人）；第一次低風險、第二次高風險者有6.7％（69人）；兩次皆為低風險者有83.3％（856人）。（二）在人口學變項方面，只有性別與家庭類型達到顯著差異，其中，女性的憂鬱狀況均顯著高於男性；而單親家庭的青少年其憂鬱狀況顯著較生活在其他家庭類型（大家庭、小家庭、折衷家庭）為高。（三）相關分析顯示，雙親的關懷、家庭衝突性與情感涉入程度越高，和青少年憂鬱狀況越嚴重有關；而家庭中的凝聚力越高、情感表達程度越高、溝通程度越好、問題解決能力越高、家庭責任感越高、獨立性越高以及整體家庭功能越好者，則與青少年憂鬱狀況越少有關。（四）經邏輯式迴歸分析發現，性別、家庭類型、家庭衝突與整體家庭功能，為青少年憂鬱狀況的重要預測變項。此外，青少年第一次的憂鬱狀況可以用來預測第二次的憂鬱狀況，且對於第二次憂鬱狀況的預測，第一次的憂鬱狀況在所有變項之中擁有最高的OR值（odds ratio），表示第一次憂鬱的狀況是之後憂鬱狀況的最佳預測指標。（五）路徑分析的結果顯示，不論是透過直接或是間接的方式，家庭功能對於青少年憂鬱都具有重要的影響。而雙親教養態度中只有父親的保護程度會影響家庭功能，並透過家庭功能間接影響憂鬱，但其效果並不大。

關鍵字

雙親教養態度 ； 家庭功能 ； 青少年憂鬱 ； 路徑分析

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship among parental bonding, family function and depression in adolescents through a follow-up study. Risk factors and possible explanations were also investigated.
The subjects of this study consisted of students（N＝1028）of one junior high school in PingTung City. In order to evaluate the parental attitudes and behaviors 、family function, and depression degree that adolescents perceived in the present. Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), Family Function Scale-Child edition（FFS）and Children depression inventory, （CDI）were be used. One year later, the subjects were followed up with similar questionnaires. Then the subjects were divided into two group—high risk group and low risk group by their performance of CDI. The difference of parental bonding and family function between the group would be compared. Descriptive statistics、Independence T Test、One-Way ANOVA、Scheffe Post Hoc Tests、Logistic Regression analysis and path analysis were utilized to analysis data.
The results revealed that（一）For the first and second waves, there were 104 people（10.1%）in the high risk group in the first year , and 128 people（12.5％） in the second year. In addition, there were 58 people（5.6％）both in the high risk group in the two year； 45 people（4.4％）in the high risk group in the first year ,but in the low risk group in the second year；69 people （6.7％） in the low risk group in the first year ,but in the high risk group in the second year；856 people（83.3％）both in the low risk group in the two year.（二）Among the demographic variable, only the sex and family type variable show significantly difference in adolescents depression. Depression in girls was significantly higher than in boys, and in the single-parent family was significantly higher than in others family type（extended family、nuclear family、joint family）.（三）By the correlation analysis , the higher level of parent’s care、family conflict and emotional intervene , the higher level of depression in adolescents；The higher level of family cohesion、emotional expression、family liaison、problem-solving、family blame、family independence and global family function , the lower level of depression in adolescents.（四）By the Logistic Regression analysis , gender、family type、family conflict and global family function are the most important variables to predict depression in adolescents. Additional , depression in adolescents in the first year could be use to predict depression in adolescents in the second year , and it would be the best predictor of depression in adolescents in the second year. （五） The result of path-analysis indicated that whether through directly or indirectly effect , family function have important impact to depression in adolescents. And among the parental bonding, only the father’s protect level could affect family function directly, then affect depression in adolescents through it, but the effect was not significant

並列關鍵字

parental bonding ； path-analysis ； depression in adolescents ； family function

參考文獻

Kim, S. Y., & Ge, X. (2000). Parenting practices and adolescent depressive symptoms in Chinese American families. Journal of Family Psychology, 14(3), 420-435.

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