傳統產業轉型循環經濟之創新商業模式~以A水泥公司為例

2019年南澳森林大火持續延燒至今逾3個月，俄羅斯首都莫斯科創133年來最高溫，首次出現無雪聖誕......。牛津字典（Oxford Dictionaries）將氣候緊急狀態（climate emergency）取代氣候變遷(climate change)，列為2019年度代表字，甚至以氣候危機(climate crisis) 形容地球環境現況。氣候急遽變化與極端天氣型態帶來全世界人類與產業風險，其中與人類基本需求密切相關，取用天然資源之傳產民生工業--如水泥業，被視為地球暖化殺手之一。水泥是人類歷史上重要發明，逾200年來提供人類基本安全需求，打造現代化文明城市，90年代環保意識高漲，水泥業因原料、燃料之特性，需開礦使用天然資源，製程排放二氧化碳，加上近年來水泥產能過剩，環境與產業變動，水泥業面臨存續危機。本研究以水泥公司為個案，深入探討面對氣候緊急狀態、環保意識高漲致原料取得困難、內需減少等多重壓力下，個案從原、燃料取用、生產過程、產品以及供應鏈各節點，透過水泥業核心優勢，朝向循環經濟思維，重新檢視資源的分配與利用，而在轉型循環經濟過程中，導入AI人工智慧，優化製程與管理，落實循環經濟跨產業資源利用，替代原燃料比例與成本，及未來產品客製化之目標。研究個案以「減碳」為轉型核心價值，連結社會需求，延伸出水泥產業之全新價值鏈及商業模式。

關鍵字

循環經濟；水泥；商業模式；減碳；工業4.0 ；氣候變遷

並列摘要

The Australia bushfire has been blazing for more than 3 months. Meanwhile, the Russia capital; Moscow, recorded the highest winter temperature in 133 years this winter, and it was also the first Christmas without snow. According to the Oxford Dictionary, the “climate change” would be replaced with “climate emergency” as the key phrase for 2019. It went so far as to describe the current global environment state as “climate crisis”. Rapid climate changes, as well as extreme weathers, has brought crises to people and industries around the world. Take cement industry for example, even though it has close tie with the basic human needs, it has been labelled as one of the main causes for global warming, since it heavily exploits the natural resources. Cement is an important invention in human civilization. It plays a vital part for the construction of modern cities in order to meet the basic needs for human safety for past 200 years. Because of the characteristics of using vast amounts of the raw materials and emitting carbon dioxide during production phases, the industry has been facing stringent challenges as the environmental awareness is heighten from the ‘90s. To make matter worse, with the production surplus and changing natures of the business, cement industry is in the turning point for sustainability. This study is based on a certain cement company. Probing in depth about how it deals with climate emergency. Also because of the environmental awareness, it becomes more difficult to obtain raw materials, while dealing with the pressure of declining domestic demand. Among the nodes from obtaining raw material and fuel for production, manufacturing process, finishing products and supply chains, the case company fully utilizes the cement industry core advantages. With the circulating economy mindsets, it re-evaluates resources distribution and usage. During the transformation process of the circulating economy, it also imports the Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology to optimize the production process and managements. It also implements cross-industries recycling for circulating economy, adjusts the ratio and calculates cost of alternative raw materials and fuel. It also aims for the customized future products. The case company empathized “carbon reduction” as the core value of transformation, which can relate to the social needs. Therefore, it derivates brand new value chain and business model for the cement industry.