從氣候正義看德國氣候財務機制

氣候變遷對全世界數百萬甚至數十億人的人權產生深遠影響，一般來說，那些最容易受到氣候影響的人民很少造成地球環境的負擔，而他們在資源已經很少的情況下，卻又要為氣候變遷付出巨大代價，因而產生氣候正義的問題。其中，已開發國家排放溫室氣體所引發的「負外部性」是其中最不公不義之處。然而，氣候變遷是一全球現象，需要的是全球共同努力。有鑑於此，已開發國家透過氣候財務機制援助他國日益頻繁之際，本文以氣候正義評估指標作為分析框架，考察德國氣候財務機制是否符合氣候正義原則。氣候變遷不僅是科學和經濟問題，同時也是倫理道德問題；倫理道德又與氣候正義息息相關，處理的是責任的分配與能力的負擔；其分為分配正義、程序正義、代際正義三個面向，若不能同時符合三者之標準，就無法實現學者羅爾斯之公平正義原則。本核心研究問題為德國氣候財務機制是否符合氣候正義原則，筆者透過導引出的初探性氣候正義評估指標框架與氣候財務機制分析二部曲，將理論與實務結合應用在德國氣候財務機制，並依以上基礎，評估氣候正義操作化結果，以供未來相關氣候資金機制設計者有建設性的參考。

關鍵字

氣候正義；分配正義；程序正義；代際正義；羅爾斯正義論；氣候財務機制

並列摘要

Climate change has a profound impact on human rights. Generally speaking, those people who are most vulnerable to climate change rarely burden the earth's environment. At the same time, it has to pay a huge price for climate change, which has created the issue of climate justice. In view of this, as developed countries use climate finance mechanisms to aid other countries more and more frequently, this article uses climate justice evaluation indicator as an analysis framework to examine whether Germany's climate finance mechanism complies with climate justice principles. Climate change is not only a scientific and economic issue, but also an ethical issue. Ethics and morality are closely related to climate justice, dealing with the distribution of responsibilities and the burden of capacity; it is divided into three aspects: distributive justice, procedural justice, and intergenerational justice. If the standards of the three cannot be met at the same time, the principle of fairness and justice of Rawls cannot be realized. On the basis of the above, whether the German climate financial mechanism complies with the principles of climate justice is this paper’s core research question. Hope the operational indicators and evaluation of climate justice framework can give future scholars constructive reference of designing relevant climate finance mechanisms.