習近平時期中、梵、臺三方關係之研究（2012～2022）

本論文採取「文獻分析法」、「歷史研究法」以及「比較研究法」，探討習近平2012年上任迄今訴諸於「中國夢」的框架之下，以能實現「中華民族的偉大復興」，進而提出了「宗教中國化」，期能夠使宗教為中華文化相適應，也就是為了能夠降低外國勢力藉由宗教干預內政，並完全掌控宗教為黨服務。中共本於馬列主義唯物論，不相信物質世界以外擁有長存的靈魂及精神意志，但宗教一時之間是無法消滅的，故此便以統戰模式由中國共產黨直接管理，讓國家宗教事務局併入統戰部底下，期能達到更完全的掌控。而中共同時自2018年起至2022年，與梵蒂岡連續簽訂了三次《主教任命協議》，為能夠達成中梵關係正常化，目的可能是為拉攏教廷在「一個中國」的前提下與其建交並與臺灣斷交，而這其中可能影響臺灣的國際處境甚至引發其它中南美洲邦交國一連串的斷交效應。因此筆者提出了三個研究的問題方向並採系統論方式探討其因果關係，俾使大眾理解現今國際局勢以及國家未來可能的走向。第一個問題是「中共掌握宗教及人權的力道是否與教廷對其友好態度反比」，研究所得的結論是，中共顧忌宗教造成內政上的干涉，所以並不會因為梵蒂岡對其友好的態度而改變了對宗教的政策；第二個問題是「《主教任命協議》的持續簽訂是否會造成中梵關係正常化」，研究所得的結論是，此舉會造成中梵關係正常化，但暫時不會影響臺灣與梵蒂岡的邦交關係；第三個問題是「梵蒂岡國在宗教道德以及現實權力中間的平衡點是否會犧牲臺灣利益（斷交）」，研究所得的結論是，認為教廷在道德外交的前提下不會與臺灣斷交。

關鍵字

中共宗教政策；宗教中國化；國家宗教事務局；主教任命協議；中梵關係正常化

並列摘要

This essay uses the Document Analysis, Historical Methods and Comparative Research Methods to discuss that under the frame of “Chinese dream” which proposed by Xi Jinping since 2012 to fulfill the great rejuvenation of Chinese. Further more, sinicization of religion. Hoping that religion can adapt to Chinese culture. Avoid the internal affairs being manipulated by foreign sources through religions. Take the full control of religions to work for the party. China based on the materialism from Marxism-Leninism. They don’t believe that there are eternal souls and spiritual wills exist beyond the material world. But the religion can’t be eliminated in short time. Therefore they use the method of United Front to let the Communist Party of China have them controlled directly, and make the State Administration of Religious Affairs under the wing of United Front, expecting to take more control. China also sighed up the contract ”Holy See-PRC provisional agreement on bishop appointments” with Vatican 3 times, in order to have a normal relationship. The purpose may be trying to draw the Vatican to its side with the support of “One China” theory and break formal diplomatic relations with Taiwan. Nevertheless, this could cause great impact on the situations of Taiwan internationally, and even triggers the effects of breaking off diplomatic relations with the Middle South American countries continuously. The author then proposed 3 studied questions and use System Theory Model to discuss the causal relationships between them. Making people have a better understanding of international situations and the possible tendencies of the country’s future. The first question “Is the power of having control in religion and civil right inversely proportional to the friendly attitude that the Vatican has on China?” The conclusion that obtained from the research showed. China’s interference with internal affairs due to religious concern didn’t changed the policies to religion, even with the friendly attitude from Vatican. The second question “Would it normalize the relationships between China and Vatican by constantly signing up the contract Holy See-PRC provisional agreement on bishop appointments?’’ The conclusion that obtained from the research showed. This kind of act would normalize the relationship between China and Vatican. But it wouldn’t have impact to the relationship between Taiwan and Vatican, temporarily. The last question is “Would Vatican sacrifice Taiwans benefit (break relations) in order to balance between religious morality and real rights?“ The conclusion that obtained from the research showed. The Curia of Vatican wouldn’t break relations with Taiwan due to ethical bonding.