臺灣縣市的人口結構變遷對中小學教育品質之影響

The Impacts of Demographic Changes on Educational Quality of Elementary and Secondary School in Taiwan

徐燕翎(Hsu Yen-Ling)

指導教授 ： 吳文傑 ； 張峯彬

國立政治大學/社會科學學院/財政學系/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6814/NCCU202100705

摘要

臺灣少子化與高齡化情形日益嚴重及新住民子女逐年增加，這些人口結構的變化可能影響國家的教育品質。本文欲了解具有不同人口結構特徵的縣市在教育品質上的表現為何。在教育品質指標上，除了以過去研究常使用的每位學生之平均教育經費與生師比衡量，亦加入代理教師比例與國中小教師具有碩士以上學歷比例來衡量，以期能從不同面向瞭解臺灣的教育品質。
　　本研究主要以民國95年至108年共14年間的22個直轄市與縣市，共308筆樣本數進行實證分析。本研究資料為追蹤資料（panel data），除了使用普通最小平方法（Ordinary Least Squares，OLS），亦考慮到各縣市及各年度的特性差異，使用固定效果模型（fixed effect model）。使用加入區域固定效果的一元固定效果模型，再加上時間固定效果，使用二元固定效果模型（two-way fixed effect model）。
　　實證結果發現，高齡化越嚴重的地區，平均教育經費越高、生師比越低，而代理教師比例越高，但代理教師比例較高的地區可能教師的學歷較高。表示高齡化地區雖然看似有較好的平均教育資源量，但可能其中的師資結構較不穩定。少子化越嚴重的地區除了以平均教育經費衡量的結果與高齡化地區不同，其餘教育品質指標的結果與高齡化嚴重的地區結果相似。新住民子女中小學學生比例較高的地區，平均教育經費、教師具有碩士以上學歷的比例越高，顯示政府針對少數族群的資源投入。

關鍵字

人口結構變遷 ； 教育品質 ； 追蹤資料 ； 固定效果模型

並列摘要

The problems of declining birth rate and aging population are becoming increasingly serious in Taiwan, and the number of new immigrant children is increasing recent year. These demographic changes may affect the educational quality. This paper wants to understand the educational quality of counties and cities with different demographic characteristics. In terms of educational quality indicators, in addition to using the per student education expenditure and student-teacher ratio often used in past research, this article also uses the ratio of supply teachers and the ratio of primary and secondary school teachers with a master’s degree or above to measure the educational quality in Taiwan from different perspectives.
　　The data used in this paper are panel data of 22 counties and cities in the 14 years from 2006 to 2019, i.e. 308 samples. In addition to the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method, the fixed effect model is also used in consideration of the characteristics of each county and city and each year. One-way fixed effect model with region-specific fixed effects and two way fixed-effect model with region-specific and time fixed effects are also used.
　　The results show that the more aging the area, the higher per student education expenditure, the lower the student-teacher ratio, and the higher the supply teacher ratio, but the higher the supply teacher ratio may be that the teachers have higher academic qualifications. Said that although the aging areas seem to have better average educational resources, the teacher structure may be unstable. In the areas with more declining proportion of child population, except for the results measured by per student education expenditure are different from those of aging areas, and the results of other education quality indicators are similar to aging areas. The higher proportion of new immigrant children in primary and secondary school students in the areas, the higher the per student education expenditure and the higher the proportion of teachers with a master’s degree or above, shows that the government has invested in resources for minority groups.

並列關鍵字

demographic changes ； educational quality ； panel data ； fixed-effect model

參考文獻

參考文獻

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