探討社會住宅引進社福服務的協力互動過程與影響因素

根據住宅法第四條規定，社會住宅必須提供4成比例給予關懷戶承租，這些群體可能具有貧窮、身心障礙或是受家庭暴力等弱勢身分，雖然社會住宅解決弱勢者居住問題，但是他們本身遭遇的社會問題依然存在，因此需要連結社會福利資源，關懷與培力社宅住戶。本研究目的在於了解政府如何推動社會住宅引進社會服務，以及探討參與者互動情形與影響互動的關鍵因素。研究方法採取質性訪談，挑選執行方案型社福計畫的社會住宅作為研究個案，包含林口社宅、豐原安康社宅與前金大同社宅，並且訪談住宅單位、社政單位、社福組織以及倡議團體。研究架構則以Torfing（2016）協力創新理論出發，探討在此議題下，政府如何推動協力，並且藉由參與者協力過程，促進創新結果產生。研究發現住宅單位在此議題上需要扮演積極角色，主動與各角色合作，引進社福服務資源，然而目前制度缺乏正式的合作機制與參與誘因；另外，組織內部的本位主義與參與人員專業經驗，以及互動過程中領導者支持、溝通合作、彼此信任、共識及共同目標的建立，是影響協力互動的關鍵因素；最後是社會住宅結合社福資源的協力創新成果能夠對於個人、組織及社區產生正面影響。本研究建議政府必須建立住宅單位與社政單位合作管道，提供持續性的資源支持，提升社福組織進駐社宅的意願；另一方面也需要暢通住宅單位與進駐單位的溝通管道，解決實際服務過程中發生的問題，並且確立共同目標與相互信任。

關鍵字

社會住宅；社會福利；協力創新

並列摘要

Article 4 of the Housing Act states: Social housing must provide housing opportunities for forty percent of vulnerable households. They may have underprivileged identities such as poverty, disability, and domestic violence. Although social housing solves the problem of insufficient housing, their social problems still exist. Therefore, welfare resources must be linked to the care and empowerment of social housing residents. The purpose of this study is to understand how the government promotes social housing to introduce welfare and to discuss the circumstances of participant interaction and the key factors affecting the interaction. According to the collaborative innovation theory put forward by Torfing (2016). This study interviewed the housing department, social welfare department, social welfare organizations, and advocacy groups, and selected three social housing that implements social welfare programs as study cases, including Linkou Social Housing, Ankang Social Housing, and Datong Social Housing. The results indicated some points. First of all, the hosing department needs to play an active role to cooperate with various roles. However, the current system lacks a cooperative mechanism and incentives to participate; Second, The parochialism and professional experience of the participants, as well as the leader's support, communication, cooperation, mutual trust, consensus and the establishment of common goals in the interaction process have become the key factors affecting the collaborative process; Finally, the collaborative innovation in social housing combined with welfare can positively impact individuals, organizations and communities. This study suggests that the government must establish a communication channel between the housing department and community welfare department, and provide continuous resource support to increase the incentives for social welfare organizations to provide services in social housing. On the other hand, it is also necessary to unblock the communication channel between the housing department and social welfare organizations, to resolve problems and establish common goals and mutual trust in the service process.