共同著作法制之比較研究──以我國及英國法為中心

隨著現代社會在藝術創作、科學研究等各領域的合作模式愈加多元與細緻化，造就了更多人際間合作或跨組織合作之機會，並大幅增加「共同著作」產生的可能性。複雜的分工與存在於私人間之非正式合作關係，也會提升共同著作人認定以及合理分配共有著作財產權應有部分比例之困難度，此對於經濟收益高度仰賴著作權利用之影視、藝文產業而言，可能將造成重大影響。然而，共同著作之法律議題在我國並未受到足夠的關注，與該主題相關的文獻及理論探討較為缺乏，恐已不敷實務需求。有鑑於此，本文將剖析臺灣現行與共同著作有關的法律規範、學說與實務見解進展，並找出共同著作及共有著作財產權制度在我國法下所面臨的種種困境和爭議，例如：共同著作人間之合作與主觀要件、共同著作情境中思想與表達的區分、各著作人參與創作程度之認定……等，都是有待深入討論之領域；再藉由比較、研究發展久遠的英國共同著作法制，囊括英國成文法、判例法及學者意見，尤其是英國上訴法院於2019年所做成之Kogan v Martin案指標性判決見解，從中琢磨英國關於共同著作之思維與做法是否有值得我國參照之處，並援引一部分的德國、日本法見解為輔佐，以探討最適合臺灣共同著作立法及實務的調整建議方向。

關鍵字

共同著作；共同作者；共同創作；共有著作權；英國法

並列摘要

As the modern society's cooperation models in various fields, such as artistic creation and scientific research, have become more diversified and refined, there are more opportunities for interpersonal or cross-organizational cooperation, and the possibility of "creating joint works" has been increased. Complicated division of labor and informal cooperative relationship between private individuals will also increase the difficulty in identifying joint authors and deciding the share in ownership of a joint work. However, the legal issues of joint works did not receive enough attention in Taiwan, and academic discussions about this subject are relatively lacking, which are no longer sufficient for practical needs. Such circumstances may have a significant impact on the cultural and creative industries that rely heavily on copyrights for profits. In light of this, this article will first analyze the development of Taiwan’s current legal norms, theories and practices related to joint works, and find out the disputes about joint works and joint ownerships of copyright under Taiwan law, such as: the cooperation and subjective requirements of joint authors, the idea-expression dichotomy in the context of joint authorship, the extent of participation of each author in creating copyright work, etc., are the areas that need to be discussed in depth. Secondly, this article looks into the long-developed British legal system of joint authorship, including the UK statutory law, case law and scholars’ opinions. In particular, it refers to the insights of the Kogan v Martin case made by the Court of Appeal in 2019, in order to explore whether the British thinking of joint works is worthy of our reference. This article also cites some German and Japanese legal interpretations as supplements, so as to find out the most suitable adjustment suggestions for Taiwan's legislation and practice of joint works.