This study analyzes the impact of maternity pension on total fertility rate, using data from 20 counties and cities in Taiwan from 1999 to 2019. The paper will use difference-in-differences method and control years of schooling for female, years of schooling for male and household disposable income to examine the relationship between maternity pension and total fertility rate. The empirical results show that the amount of maternity pension has a significant positive impact on total fertility rate. On average, for each additional NT$10,000 in allowances, the total fertility rate will increase by about 0.1 births per woman. On the other hand, the elasticity of maternity pension is 0.055, which means that for every 10% more maternity pension, the total fertility rate will increase by 0.55%.