勃朗特《簡愛》與路易斯《僧侶》中的歇斯底里、附魔與驅魔

Hysteria, Possession and Exorcism in Brontë’s _Jane Eyre_ and Lewis' _The Monk_

陳意雯(Chen Hawwah Yiwen)

指導教授 ： 柯瑞強

國立政治大學/外國語文學院/英國語文學系/碩士(2019年)

https://doi.org/10.6814/NCCU201900591

摘要

筆者的論文探討夏洛特勃朗特的《簡愛》與馬修路易斯的《僧侶》之中女性歇斯底里、附魔、以及驅魔的建構 (包括字面上與象徵層面性)，並論證兩本小說及其所屬之社會背景中的女性汙名化。第一章聚焦於女性歇斯底里、附魔、驅魔三者的建構是如何在不同歷史情境下成為性別意識形態角力的中心，以及歇斯底里和附魔是如何匯聚於他者化女性及其情慾的層面。第二章則應用了上述的理論框架來檢視在《僧侶》中，「逾矩」的女性是如何被汙衊成需以驅魔來規訓的她者-怪物，並研探究此現象如何於反法國大革命時期的英國社會體現集體焦慮。

第三章則將筆者的分析延伸到《簡愛》：首先，維多利亞時期視女性的反叛與女性主義活動為歇斯底里發作，筆者探索此一時期書中兩位女性要角的困境: 柏莎作為歇斯底里患者/附魔者，與簡愛作為歇斯底里的新女性(the New Woman)。接著，筆者研究愛蓮西蘇及芭芭拉克里德兩人的理論如何頌讚歇斯底里患者及附魔者的政治能動性，並討論將兩者的論套用在柏莎及簡愛身上所可能引發的問題，以回應當今女性主義重估歇斯底里患者/附魔者能動性的趨勢。最後，筆者以探討簡愛作為女性主義驅魔師作結，並檢視殖民意識形態如何削弱她的成就。

關鍵字

簡愛 ； 夏洛特勃朗特 ； 僧侶 ； 馬修路易斯 ； 歇斯底里 ； 附魔 ； 驅魔 ； 性別

並列摘要

My thesis explores, literally and metaphorically, the constructs of female hysteria, demonic possession and exorcism in Matthew Lewis’ _The Monk_ and Charlotte Brontë’s _Jane Eyre_, to examine the demonisation of women in the novels and in their social milieux. Chapter One focuses on how the three constructs have been the loci of struggles of gendered ideology throughout history, and how hysteria and possession converge on the plane of the othering of women and female desire. In Chapter Two, I apply such frameworks to _The Monk_ to scrutinise how “transgressive women” are stigmatised as she-monsters that should be disciplined by exorcism, and I study what kinds of collective anxieties this phenomenon embodied in counter-Revolutionary England.

Chapter Three extends my analysis to _Jane Eyre_: first, I explore the plights of Bertha as a hysteric/demoniac and Jane as a prototype of hysterical New Woman, in an era when women’s rebellion and (proto-)feminist activities were demonised as hysterical aggression. Second, I study the theories of Hélène Cixous and Barbara Creed, which respectively valourise the politically-enabling potentials of the hysteric and the demoniac. Then I discuss the problematics that will arise when such theories are applied to Jane and Bertha, in response to the trend of feminist re-evaluation of the political values of the hysteric and the demoniac. Lastly, I conclude with the subsection of Jane Eyre as a feminist exorcist against patriarchal demons, and how her success is compromised by colonial ideology, of which she fails to gain a sufficient awareness.

並列關鍵字

Jane Eyre ； Charlotte Bronte ； The Monk ； Matthew Lewis ； hysteria ； possession ； exorcism ； gender

參考文獻

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Bargowski, Dolores. “Moving Media: The Exorcist.” Quest: A Feminist Quarterly 1.1 (1974): 53-57. Print.