由歐洲聯盟循環經濟法制發展檢討我國廢棄物體管理法制之修正

Review on the waste management legislation in Taiwan from the perspective of the circular economy legislation in the European Union

翁敬翔(Weng Ching-Hsiang)

指導教授 ： 傅玲靜

國立政治大學/法學院/法律學系/碩士(2019年)

https://doi.org/10.6814/NCCU201900789

摘要

我國現行的廢棄物體管理法制，係由廢棄物清理法及資源回收再利用法組合而成。二法在定義上嚴加區分廢棄物與再生資源，並分別施以不同管理的立法形式，近年卻在理論及實務上處處掣肘，尤其是與廢棄物相關之概念及處理原則。翻查二法過往的修法理由，本文觀察到，立法者似乎尚未清楚掌握廢棄物體管理法制背後應有的學理，以致於錯將傳統線性經濟的管制思維繼續沿用在意圖追求物質循環的管理系統上。
關於物質循環的建構，歐洲聯盟的衍生法2008年廢棄物體框架指令走在相當前頭。為了進一步探究指令細節，本文欲從其立基的規範思維－循環經濟模式開始打底，並爬梳歐洲聯盟環境保護的發展歷史及其制訂衍生法指令的依據及理論規範，從而在之後正式分析廢棄物體框架指令有關廢棄物體之定義、廢棄物體處置優先順序的運作，以及廢棄物體性質認定之終止時，得以更為細緻地通盤瞭解規範之脈絡。
若單就結論而言，本文認為廢棄物與再生資源本質實乃一體，廢棄物清理法與資源回收再利用法也僅是立法者片面擷取物質流動過程中不同時點的後果。我國若意欲將循環經濟模式導入廢棄物體管理法制，則根本不應著眼於目標客體之市場價值而割裂處理。在往後二法合一的立法嘗試中，應盡量放寬廢棄物體之認定，把握生命週期思考的原則，並且把守好事關物質循環成功與否的廢棄物體性質認定。

關鍵字

循環經濟 ； 物質循環 ； 循環法制 ； 廢棄物清理法 ； 資源回收再利用法 ； 廢棄物體 ； 廢棄物體處置優先順序 ； 廢棄物體性質認定之終止

並列摘要

Taiwan’s waste management legislation in force consists of Waste Dispoeal Act and Resource Recycling Act. This legislative measure which strictly distinguishs the definition of waste and renewable resources and further differentiates the management systems, however, is impeded both in theory and practice recently. Such difficulties especially appear in the field of concepts related to waste and principles regarding handling it. By studing the whole amending process of the legislation, the thesis argues that the legislators seem haven’t realized the underpinned theory precisely, so that they kept using traditional regulative thoughts of the linear economy on the management system which intends to circulate materials.
The secondary legislative Directive 2008/98/EC on waste of the European Union advantages considerably with reference to constructing materials cycles. To analyze details further, the thesis researches the underpinned theory - Circular Economy first. Then, in order to have better insights into main issues, including the definition of waste, waste hierarchy and End of Waste status, I will present the EU’s history of environmental protection action and its legal basis for enacting directives.
In conclusion, the thesis suggests that waste and renewable resources possess the same essence, and that the form of two acts is the consequence of reckless separation made in the flow of materials by legislators. If we’re intending to introduce the mode of circular economy into waste management legislation, we shouldn’t have focused on its market value of the substance or object. Instead, the legislators should lower the threshold of waste, assure the principle of Life Cycle Thinking, and, last but not the least, certify the test of end of waste status concerning the coordination of the whole materials cycle.

並列關鍵字

Circular economy ； Materials cycle ； Circular economy legislation ； Waste Disposal Act ； Resource Recycling Act ； Waste ； Waste hierarchy ； End of waste status

參考文獻

一、中文文獻

（一）專書

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Nicolas Buttin, Brieuc Saffré著，陳郁雯譯（2018），啟動循環經濟－自然與經濟的共存之道，臺北：南方家園文化。[Buttin, Nicolas & Saffré, Brieuc. 2015. Activer L’économie Circulaire: Comment Réconcilier L’économie et la Nature. Eyrolles]

王泰銓（1997），歐洲共同體法總論，臺北：三民。