影響公眾外交因素的研究：以中國大陸為例

目前學界研究中國大陸公眾外交的文獻不少，其中多數集中在特定政策的分析與其成效優劣之解釋，較少深入說明為什麼有些中國大陸公眾外交的接收國容易受到其政策影響，但有些傾向拒絕，甚至有些接收國還會加以反制。本文將政體、軍事、經濟等面向列為研究和分析影響中國大陸公眾外交的可能因素，再透過與中國大陸相關之事實資料進行多國間的比較觀察和假設檢驗。研究結果顯示，公眾外交的確與施行國及接收國間的政體差異有關，但這樣的關聯性不是絕對的，而是受到雙方一些經濟或軍事因素的影響。其中，經濟因素的影響又比軍事因素的影響來得大些。由於中國大陸經濟實力明顯崛起，使其成為許多國家認知中的威脅。公眾外交便是在這個背景下成為北京當局設法優化國家形象的一種策略；然而，本文的研究顯示，此種外交的成效相當有限，並沒有如同中國大陸官方的預期為其國家形象達到明顯的加分效果。

關鍵字

中國；美國；公眾外交；國家形象；經濟實力；軍事實力

並列摘要

There are lots of studies on China’s public diplomacy; however, most of them focus on the analysis of specific policies and the explanation of their effectiveness, only a few of them pay attention to why some target recipients of Chinese public diplomacy are affected easily, but some are resistant or even antagonistic. This thesis identifies some dimensions as critical variables for the study and analysis of Chinese public diplomacy, which are regime type, economic power and military capabilities. Using facts related to China as individual cases and the process of hypothesis testing, this thesis finds that the effectiveness of public diplomacy is interrelated to the similarity or difference of regime types between giver and recipient. Such a connection is not absolute, and it is influenced by economic and military interaction as well. In fact, economic interdependence is more important than a happened military conflict or military imbalance. Due to the significant rise of China’s economy, many countries view China as a big threat. Under this background, public diplomacy becomes a strategy for Beijing to optimize China’s national image; however, the research shows that the fruits of public diplomacy are quite limited. In other words, it is still difficult for China to build a good national image by using public diplomacy.