歐盟對人權違反國家實施經濟制裁之研究

人權維護與政治民主化是許多國家長期發展的始終顧念；然而在資訊開放的年代，各國的人權與民主化程度多半受到國際社會一定程度的檢視，甚至不乏被介入干預的情況。歐洲聯盟（European Union）是這方面的規範性強權(normative power)，對於人權的侵害或違反有一套實施經濟制裁之行動準則，本文擬對此進行探究。透過新自由制度主義與理性選擇理論為研究途徑進行檢視，並以清晰集合的質性比較分析(Crisp-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis, csQCA)為研究方法進行分析，本文發現歐盟對人權侵害國的經濟制裁實際上並非存在固定與一致性標準，而是隨著歐盟對人權違反國的經貿依賴程度高低，出現干預或不干預之明顯差異，因而呈現雙重制裁標準之情形，進而動搖歐盟身為規範性強權的美名，亦可透過本文證明，世界上並無真正落實無私善治的國際制度或行為者。

關鍵字

新自由制度主義；理性選擇論；歐洲聯盟；人權違反；經濟制裁

並列摘要

The protection of human rights and political democratization are the constant concerns of many countries within the period of development. However, in the ear of transparent information, the human rights and democratization of various countries are mostly inspected by the international community. Both of them are even seemed as the pretexts that the international community is able to intervene in the human rights violating events happening in other sovereign countries. The European Union (EU) is the normative power in this field, holding a set of norms for the implementation of economic sanctions on human rights violations. Neoliberal institutionalism and rational choice theory are applied as the research approach in this thesis. In addition, Crisp-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (csQCA) is used as the research method to assist to clarify the research question. We found that there is a lack of a fixed and consistent standard, when the EU implements economic sanctions on human rights violating countries. Contrarily, EU’s economic interdependence with the human rights violating countries is the significant difference between intervention or non-intervention, which leads to a situation of double standards, that even shake the good reputation of EU as a normative power. Through this thesis, it could prove that there is lack of an international institution or actor which implements the core of disinterested good governance around the world.