運用EIO-LCA及系統動態模式探討產品碳足跡減量與成本分析

Using EIO-LCA and System Dynamics Approach to Control Carbon Footprint and Related Cost

張錦宗(Chin-Tsung Chang)

指導教授 ： 張瑞芬

國立臺北科技大學/管理學院/工業工程與管理研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2010.00040

摘要

因應地球日漸暖化，許多政府與研究學者開始意識到過多溫室氣體排放的後果，紛紛呼籲大家節能減碳。工業發展是人類重要的產業經濟結構的革新，卻也是造成地球暖化的元兇之一。台灣以製造與代工為主的獲利模式，面對全球500大企業組成的供應鏈領導聯盟(SCLC)，要求旗下供應商公布碳排放資料，加上ISO 14064系列也規範了組織與計畫層級溫室氣體盤查與計畫的機制，促使企業必須揭露組織的溫室氣體排放量，此外英國標準協會(BSI)制定了全球第一部產品碳足跡規範(PAS 2050)，並進一步實施建置產品碳標籤的程序。根據問卷指出，在台灣實施碳標籤有助於產品的銷售，目前歐盟、澳洲、加州、日本、韓國與泰國也建立了產品碳標籤制度。故本研究利用EIO-LCA來快速且低成本的評估產品於生命週期中的碳排放量，以利企業瞭解組織及產品的碳排放熱點，可循此改進。根據評估所得之結果，利用系統動態學建立系統模型，針對產品碳排放熱點進行情境設計與模擬，使產品碳足跡符合企業標準下，找出所需花費成本的權衡，讓企業在降低產品碳足跡上有最大效益。本研究以電腦週邊商品投影機為範例，示範本論文所提方法論實際應用於產品碳足跡減量與其成本控制。

關鍵字

產品碳足跡 ； EIO-LCA ； 系統動態學 ； 投影機 ； 碳減量效益

並列摘要

Because the major concern of global warming, governments and researchers worldwide have focused on keeping greenhouse gas emissions under control. They have called on everyone to conserve energy and reduce emissions of carbon. Manufacturing industry play an important role in industrial and economic development, but it may be the main cause of global warming. Taiwan is an OEM-oriented (Original Equipment Manufacturer-oriented) country. The supply chain leadership coalition (SCLC) requires their suppliers to release emissions of carbon and make plans for reducing carbon emissions. The International Standard Organization also formulates ISO 14064 series for organization to control emissions of carbon. Further, The BSI (British Standards Institution) developed PAS 2050. It is the first regulation of product carbon footprint in the world. According to the survey research in Taiwan, implementing carbon labeling on products can enhance sales. Therefore, we use EIO-LCA (Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment) to assess the carbon emissions of products. It can facilitate enterprises to understand the hot spot of carbon emissions in its supply chain. According to the result of EIO-LCA, we use the system dynamics approach to conduct the dynamic modeling and design the scenario to simulate carbon emissions reduction. The purpose of research is to find the trade-off between the cost and emissions in order to achieving the goal of reducing the carbon footprint. The case study uses a projector, as an example to demonstrate the proposed EIO-LCA and System Dynamics methodology applying for the control of its carbon emission and related cost.

並列關鍵字

Product Carbon Footprint ； Economic Input Output - Life Cycle Assessment ； System Dynamics ； Projector ； Performance of Controlling Carbon

參考文獻

[1] Anand, S., Vrat, P., Dahiya, R. P., “Application of a system dynamics approach for assessment and mitigation of CO2 emissions from the cement industry”, Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 79, 2005, pp. 383-398.

[4] BSI, “PAS 2050: Specification for the assessment of the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of goods and services”, http://shop.bsigroup.com/en/Browse-by-Sector/Energy--Utilities/PAS-2050/, 15/10/2009 Accessed.

[9] CDP, Carbon Disclosure Project, https://www.cdproject.net/, 15/09/2009 Accessed.

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