- 學位論文
科學園區超高壓變電所雷擊及開關突波特性及其影響研究
Lightning and Switching Surges Characteristics and Affection Assessment of Extra-High Voltage Substation in the Science Park
摘要
台電公司持續在各科學園區內興建超高壓變電所(E/S)，做為園區的總電源變電所，供電給園區內各變電所及用戶，並供電給鄰近地區。由超高壓變電所直接供電給用戶，其雷擊突波及開關突波較易轉移至其下游用戶，造成較嚴重的衝擊，導致對電氣系統與設備的絕緣傷害，甚至威脅人員的安全。本研究針對設置於科學園區內、外之超高壓變電所探討其對用戶的突波傷害議題，將針對前者直接供電給用戶及後者供電配電變電所(D/S)再供電給用戶之突波電壓及電流將加以此分析及比較，其中包括雷擊突波及開關突波之轉移至用戶之強度分析，藉由分析結果進一步探討突波對電器系統及設備絕緣及人員安全的潛在威脅，首先應用電磁暫態分析程式(EMTP之改良程式ATP)建立電路ATP模型，模擬各位置遭受雷擊及開關操作產生之突波，觀察用戶端突波電壓及電流的變化及最大突波值。藉由ATP模型分析所得用戶端地網之注入電流，再應用接地系統分析軟體(CDEGS)來模擬地網電磁暫態及穩態特性包括地電位昇(GPR)、地表電位、接觸電壓、步間電壓、導體電流及地表電磁場之分佈狀況，藉由上述分析結果，最後將評估可能發生之風險包括人員與設備所受的影響。
並列摘要
The extra-high-voltage (EHV) substation(E/S) is erected continuously in each science park by Taiwan Power Company (TPC) for supplying power to substations and customers in the science park and nearby area. The lightning surges and switching surges of E/S are easily transferred to the downstream customers which are directly supplied by E/S. Thus, the impacts due to transferred surges will be more serious than that of other customers. The impacts will lead to damages on the insulation of distribution system and equipment and even threaten the safety of personnel. In thesis, the issue of surge damages of, the E/S in the science park and the E/S in the outside area of science Park (outside E/S) are studied. For both cases of customers directly supplied by E/S in the science park and indirectly supplied by outside E/S through distribution substation, the surge voltage and current are analyzed and compared, which include the analysis of lighting surges and switching surges transferred to the customers. Firstly, the circuit model of the system is constructed by the alternative transient program(ATP) of electromagnetic transient program(EMTP). Then, the surges at different locations due to lightning and switch operations are simulated and the characteristics of surge voltages and currents at customers are analyzed by ATP simulation. Based on the simulation results, the fault currents injected into grounding system at fault points are obtained. Finally, a software package for grounding system analysis, namely current distribution electromagnetic ground and soil structure analysis (CDEGS), is used to analyze the electromagnetic characteristics of ground grids of customer substations with respect to transient and steady states, which include the distribution of ground potential rise (GPR), potential on the ground surface, touch voltage, step voltage, conductor current and electromagnetic field (EMF) on the ground surface. According to the above analysis results, the risks of various surges are evaluated including the affections of lightning surges and switching surges on personnel, equipment and system.