多功能水庫發電及供電系統之雷擊及開關突波特性分析及其影響評估

Analysis of Lightning and Switching Characteristics of Generating and Supplying Systems in the Reservoir with Multi-function and Affections Assessments

洪祥育(Shiang-Yu Hung)

指導教授 ： 周至如

國立臺北科技大學/電資學院/電機工程系研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2010.00072

摘要

多功能水庫兼具發電及其他功能如：供水、灌溉及防洪等功能。水庫往往建於高落雷的山區，其雷擊事故比一般建築物高，其中發電及供電系統遭雷擊的機率最高，主要因其輸電線路遭雷擊而引入雷突波，進而傷害發電系統及供電系統設備，對水庫的營運造成損失，甚至危及水庫的安全。此外，水庫的發電是配合供水需要及電力公司調度需求，往往啟停頻繁，所需進行的開關操作相當多，致設備開關突波傷害亦相當嚴重，有必要加強防護。
為此，本論文針對一典型高擊害及啟停頻繁的多功能水庫，探討其發電系統及供電系統之雷擊及開關突波特性並評估其影響，首先應用電磁暫態分析程式(ATP)建構其發電及供電系統模型(ATP模型)，然後進行雷擊及開關突波特性分析，包括於系統上之突波電壓及電流，以及注入接地系統的突波電流，再進一步應用接地系統分析軟體(CDEGS)來模擬地網各項電磁特性，包括突波地電位昇、步間電壓、接觸電壓及磁場分佈等特性。有關雷擊特性分析將考慮不同的雷擊點，而開關突波特性分析將考慮發電機啟停相關的開關切換，及內部電源轉供相關切換所造成的開關突波電壓及電流。最後，根據分析結果進行影響評估，包括對人員及設備的影響，研究結果顯示水庫的發電系統與供電系統之雷擊突波及開關突波皆極為嚴重，亟待加強防護，本研究成果可供後續改善之規劃設計參考。

關鍵字

雷擊突波 ； 開關突波 ； 地電位昇 ； 步間電壓 ； 接觸電壓 ； 地表電磁場

並列摘要

To generate electric power is one of functions for the Reservoir with Multi-function, and others are like water supply, irrigation, flood control and so on. Reservoirs are usually built at mountain districts, where lightning highly happen, and the probability of accidental lightning stroke is more than general buildings. The main reason is the transmission line of the Reservoir with Multi-function that are shocked by electric, and lead into lightning surge. Then, it damages to equipments of generating and power supply system. The accident will make damages to the cost of reservoirs and even make danger to the safety of reservoirs. Therefore, the generation of reservoirs is to operate in coordination with the demand of water supply and the demand of dispatch by electric company. The operation of reservoirs is open and closed frequently, and the operation of switch gear is more, leading into the switch gear of frequent are serious in damage of surge. Hence, it is in need of being protected.
For this reason, this dissertation aims at classic highly lightning and the open and closed frequency in switch gear of the Reservoir with Multi-function, and explores its power supplying systems lightning and switching surge characteristics, evaluating its influence. First of all, applying electromagnetic transient analytic program(ATP) to construct the electric power of generation and power supplying system model(ATP model) of the Reservoir with Multi-function. Second, Performing the thunder stoke and Switching Surge Characteristics, which include current surge and voltage surge and surge current into the grid. Furthermore, applying current distribution electromagnetic grounding and soil structure analysis (CDEGS) to simulate each property in groundgrid, for example, surge ground potential rise , step voltage, touch voltage and electromagnetic field, etc. The analysis of lightning characteristics will consider different lightning point, but analysis of switching surge characteristics will consider the switch is on or off and the surge voltage and current caused by power supplying switching. Finally, according to the consequence of analysis for proceeding evaluation of influence (including the influence of staff and equipment), the research has found the degree in mostly damage are generating and power supplying systems in the reservoir with multi-function, so they need to be protected more. This result can be a reference to improve related projects for researchers who are interested in.

並列關鍵字

Lightning Surge ； Switching Surge ； Ground Potential Rise (GPR), ； Step Voltage ； Touch Voltage ； Electromagnetic Field (EMF) on the Ground Surface

參考文獻

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