添加高性能纖維對矽橡膠熱物性及燃燒性質之影響

Effect of Inorganic Fibers Addition on Thermophysical Properties and Combustion Behavior of Silicone Rubber Composites

陳怡婷(Yi-Ting Chen)

指導教授 ： 郭文正

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/化學工程研究所/碩士(2010年)

摘要

合成聚合物在現今的生活幾乎是無所不在，合成高分子材料正迅速取代傳統的材料如金屬、陶瓷、天然聚合物、木材、棉花、天然橡膠等，大多數聚合物的產品（例如：電纜、地毯、家具櫥櫃…等）都必須具有一個令人滿意的耐火程度，以確保公眾安全免受火災威脅。
本實驗選用高溫熟成型矽橡膠(HTV silicone rubber)作為高分子基材，加入各種不同比例之高性能纖維作為填充材料，例如：陶瓷纖維、玄武岩纖維、碳纖維及玻璃纖維之無機纖維材料，並以雙輥及雙滾筒混煉機製備矽橡膠/高性能纖維複合材料，探討添加不同填充物及添加量對矽橡膠熱物性、機械及燃燒性質之影響。
實驗結果顯示，矽橡膠添加各式纖維對其機械性質皆有所提升，但當纖維添加過量時效果反而會下降，其中添加3 %碳纖維對矽橡膠的抗張強度有28 %的增加，且伸長量有6.2 %的提升；耐燒蝕時間則以添加5 %碳纖維或玄武岩纖維具有較佳的隔熱耐燒蝕性，可達到一小時以上不被燒穿；燃燒試驗結果為添加5 %碳纖維效果最為優異，遮光係數和熱釋放率下降幅度大，且火場成果指標( FPI )最高、煙霧參數( SP )最低，其研究結果亦可作為開發彈性體耐燒蝕複合材料的重要依據。

關鍵字

矽橡膠 ； 高性能纖維 ； 機械性質 ； 熱性質 ； 燃燒性質

並列摘要

Synthetic polymers are a crucial part of today’s life, they can be found nearly everywhere. Today, synthetic polymer materials are rapidly replacing more traditional materials such as metals, ceramics, and natural polymers such as wood, cotton, natural rubber etc. However, one weak aspect of synthetic polymer materials compared with other materials are combustible. Thus, the majority of polymer-containing end-products (e.g., cables, carpets, furniture cabinets, etc.) must have a satisfactory degree of fire resistance to ensure public safety from fire.
The experimental selection of high-temperature-vulcanized (HTV) silicone rubber as a polymer substrate, silicone composites were prepared by adding different proportions of inorganic fibers. The inorganic filler was thoroughly dispersed in silicone rubber by two-roll mill and double-drum mixing. This study focused on the influences of various fillers and additive level on the mechanical, thermal properties and combustion properties of silicone rubber.
Results from mechanical tests shown that HTV silicone rubber had a 28 % increase in tensile strength and a 6.2 % increase in maximum strain by adding 3 % carbon fiber and 18 % increase in Young’s modulus by adding 3 % basalt fiber; The anti-ablation tests shown that HTV silicone rubber added up to 5 % carbon fiber or basalt fiber had good heat resistance property, the composite withstand an hour under the flame; Results from combustion test also indicated show that of 5 % carbon fiber effectively reduce the peak heat release rate and smoke production on silicone rubber composites.

並列關鍵字

silicone rubber ； inorganic fibers ； mechanical property ； thermal properties

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