建築工程開挖工法與擋土設施選用之研究-以三峽地區為例

Case studies on selecting excavation method for building foundations

曹承福(Cheng Fu Tsao)

指導教授 ： 倪至寬

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/土木與防災研究所/碩士(2010年)

摘要

一般建築基礎工程在地下開挖施工階段是否安全順利，往往影響整體工程的成敗至鉅，而基礎開挖方式與擋土設施之選擇如何在經濟、品質、工期、安全暨環保等各項條件下儘量取得均衡，實值得深入進行探討。如須考慮：地下水位分佈狀況、土層分佈狀況、開挖規模、擋土結構之材料性質及水密性、施工中對週圍環境產生之振動、噪音及污染等。常見之建築物地下室施工方式包括順打工法、逆打工法、雙順打工法、島式工法等。不同的工法中有不同的建造工期、不同的營建成本與不同之地質及補強配合條件，而其中成本、工期、與可行性間之互動考量相當複雜，另地質分佈情況、地上結構的樓層數、地下室深度及樓層數等都可能對成本、工期、可行性造成衝擊並影響工法之選擇。倘因錯選不適合之開挖工法，易造成工程品質欠佳，且易釀成工程災害，如壁體崩塌與損及鄰房或道路，不僅將對工程人員之生命造成危害，亦將造成財物損失、工期延宕及商譽受損等之重大影響。
台北縣三峽鎮，近年房地產景氣熱絡，帶動建築工程之大量興建，且由於停車位的需求，開挖深度亦逐漸加深，較大之建築個案均需面臨深開挖工程之挑戰；本研究主要針對中、高層建築地下施工法之選擇，建構一套規劃之準則，文中總計彙整三峽地區近5年來8個工程設計建議案例進行分析，先由各案例之土壤地質工程專業顧問之地質鑽探報告之「紀實」及「分析」等基地整體條件進行整理；再依結構顧問於設計階段所採用之地下工法適合性進行分析並組合；最後加入建設公司依工期及成本等決定因素後選用確認之案例，期使規劃人員能於各種條件下進行檢討比較，以得出若干組合方案，並快速選出最適工法進行施工。

關鍵字

擋土設施 ； 開挖工法

並列摘要

Safety and smooth going during the construction of underground excavating are extremely important for general architectural works. It not only the foundation of the construction but also would effect the ending result. How to get the balance between economic、quality、due date、safety and green issue in selection of basic excavation and retaining equipment is an issue which worth to take deep thoughts on it. For example: distribution of ground water、distribution of foundation soil、scale of excavation、material of retaining equipment、vibration during the construction、noise and pollution are the issues need to be considered. Often seemed constructions for basement are bottom up、top down、up up method, labor law island. Different construction methods have different construction period, construction costs and the different geological and reinforced with different conditions, of which the cost, time, and considering the feasibility of a complex interaction between the other geological distribution, on the ground floor structure, the number of basement depth and the floors are all likely to cost, schedule, feasibility, impact and influence the construction method of choice. In case of any wrong selection is not suitable for the excavation of the construction method, is apt to poor construction quality, and be easy to lead to engineering disasters, such as wall collapses and the loss and Adjacent Building or road, not only will harm the life engineering staff also will result in property damage, time delays and goodwill impairment and other significant influence.
Three Township, Taipei County, real estate economic boom in recent years, driven construction of a large number of construction, and because the demand for parking spaces, excavation depth gradually deepened, the larger the building case has to be faced with the challenge of deep excavation works; This research mainly in view, choice of the high-rise construction underground technology, constructs criterion of the set of plan, in the article the grand total collects puts in order the Three Gorges area near for 5 year 8 engineering design suggestion case to carry on the analysis, geology of drilling soil of geology project special consultant by various cases reported first it “record real state” and “the analysis” and so on base overall conditions carry on the reorganization;Depends on structure consultant to use the place again in the design stage to put down work the law suitability to carry on analyzes and combines; Finally joins the construction company after determining factors and so on time and cost selects case of the confirmation, the time causes to plan the personnel to be able to carry on the self-criticism comparison under each kind of condition, obtains certain combination plan, and selects the most Suitable job practice to carry on the construction fast.

並列關鍵字

retaining wall ； excavation construction method

參考文獻

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