醫療院所室內生物氣膠分布特性之剖析與研究

The study for distribution characteristic of the indoor bio-aerosols in hospital.

曾妍潔(Yen-Chieh,Tseng)

指導教授 ： 黃志弘

國立臺北科技大學/設計學院/建築與都市設計研究所/碩士(2007年)

摘要

台灣四季溫暖潮濕，微生物生長迅速，室內生物氣膠的危害不容忽視，禽流感，SARS等，病毒與微生物皆可能經由空氣口沫傳染的呼吸系統疾病，人類因打噴嚏造成口鼻噴出大量粒俓大小不等的細微水氣滴，病毒與微生物均附著於其上傳染至其他人員。

醫療院所一直是大量病患的聚集地，更是病毒傳播的大本營。由文獻得知病患咳嗽時會有6.7mg的唾液以22m/s的速度經由口鼻噴灑出，大量的唾液飛沫粒徑由50~300μm不等，往鄰近2m甚至更多的區域迅速發散，而SARS病毒則依附其上，散佈至其他人員之呼吸系統中，造成感染 [1] 。由本研究另一篇單一病房模擬之結果顯示，一病患在範圍48.6 m²的病房內以22m/s的速度咳嗽，生物氣膠在一分鐘內將佈滿整間病房，其速度之快，令人唯恐避之不及。

本研究嘗試先進行實測以了解目前醫療院所生物氣膠分布狀態，並將實測結果帶入模擬軟體以假設疫情爆發為前提，進行各項改善措施之模擬，並分析模擬結果，針對室內空氣品質管控面，給予醫療院所對於室內配置以及室內換氣方式之建議。

關鍵字

室內生物氣膠 ； 醫療場所 ； 室內空氣品質 ； 氣流模擬 ； 呼吸道感染

並列摘要

Microorganisms are growing quickly because it is damp, warm whole year in Taiwan. People should concerned for the damage from indoor bio-aerosol. avian influenza, SARS…etc are all infection through breathing in flying particles of the saliva or phlegm of a sick person. Human being just sprays different size of mist because they are sneeze, virus and mould will cohere on them and infect to other people.
Hospitals are a commercial center of invalid. There is the “stronghold” of virus spread. From the reference, we could know that is 6.7mg saliva form patients which is emit by speed of 22m/s from mouthpart when they are coughing. The calibers for a great quantity particles of saliva are about 50~300μm. Those particles sprinkle quickly to neighborhood about 2m or more far. Virus of SARS will attach on and diffuse to other’s respiratory system [1]. A result of the single sickroom simulation research in this study: if there is a SARS patient is coughing by a speed of 22m/s in the sickroom which is 48.6 m². The bio-aerosol will full in the room in one minute. It’s really a fearful effect.
In this study, we try to understand the distribution statue of the indoor bio-aerosols in hospital by an experiment and put the result into simulation system to assume that epidemic was spread. We’ve simulated every kind of modification to improved the epidemic situation and analyzed the result of simulation. This study will propose the hospital about indoor configuration and aeration method for indoor air quality control.

並列關鍵字

indoor bio-aerosols ； Hospital ； Indoor air quality ； Airflow simulation ； respiratory tract infection

參考文獻

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