增程式電動車之能量管理策略及引擎管理系統設計

Design of Power Management Strategy and Engine Management System for Range-Extended Electric Vehicle

蔡弦錡(Hsien-Chi Tsai)

指導教授 ： 吳浴沂 ； 陳柏全

國立臺北科技大學/機電學院/機電科技研究所/博士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2014.00120

摘要

本論文首先針對目標增程式電動車(Range-Extended Electric Vehicle, REEV)設計一能量管理策略，於REEV行駛過程中決定出發電機模組(Genset)功率需求，使得REEV能於電荷消耗模式下運作，策略除了可使Genset油耗最少之外，亦必須能夠兼顧電池壽命與震動噪音對駕駛者的影響，同時保持策略低運算量，以利運用至實際控制器。因此，本論文針對目標車提出之多模式切換能量管理策略，係運用系統化的方式進行設計，設計流程可分為四個步驟：代表性行車型態選定、動態規劃求解、控制法則萃取、行車型態識別與多模式切換控制器進行實車控制。本文接著設計一扭力式引擎管理系統(Engine Management System, EMS)用以承接能量管理策略之引擎扭力命令，並控制引擎輸出扭力符合能量管理策略的需求。為了縮短扭力式EMS的開發驗證時程及花費，本論文運用模型在迴路中(MIL)以及硬體在迴路中(HIL)模擬架構，協助設計及驗證扭力式EMS。最後，利用實體控制器實現扭力式EMS策略，並於REEV實車上，進行扭力式EMS驗證。從能量管理策略模擬結果可以得知，本論文提出之多模式切換能量管理策略相較於傳統節溫器式能量管理策略，能夠改善油耗與電池使用壽命，也能兼顧到震動噪音對駕駛者的影響，並保持策略低運算量。由實驗結果得知，本論文設計之扭力式EMS可運用於實車上進行引擎控制，並達成能量管理策略的扭力需求。

關鍵字

增程式電動車 ； 能量管理策略 ； 動態規劃 ； 控制法則萃取 ； 扭力式引擎管理系統 ； 引擎模型 ； 模型在迴路中 ； 硬體在迴路中

並列摘要

This dissertation designs a power management strategy for the range-extended electric vhiehicle (REEV) to determine the Genset output power for charge depleting mode opreation. The power management strategy should not only minimize the Genset fuel consumption, but also need to consider the battery life and noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) effect to the driver. In addition, the calculation effort of the power management stratety should be kept lower to facilitate for implementating in a real controller. Consequently, the multi-mode switch strategy is proposed as the power management strategy for REEV in this dissertation which is designed using systematic method with four design procedures as: selection of representative driving patterns, obtaining the optimal control policy using dynamic programming, extraction of implementable control rules, and real-time control using driving pattern recognition and multi-mode switch controller. The torque based engine management system (EMS) is also designed in this dissertation. It is used to receive the torque demand from the power management strategy and control the output torque of Genset engine to satisfy the requirement. In order to shorten the time duration and cost for developing a torque based EMS, the model-in-the-loop (MIL) and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation techniques are employed to assist the development of torque based EMS in this dissertation. After the torque based EMS is verified with MIL and HIL structure, it is implemented in a real controller and verified with experiments in the REEV. Simulation results of the proposed multi-mode switch strategy show that the control performance on fuel consumption and battery protection can be improved as compared with a conventional thermostat control strategy. NVH effect to the driver and calculation effort can be also considered in the proposed strategy. Furthermore, experimental results of the torque based EMS indicate that the designed torque based EMS has the capability of controlling engine output torque to satisfy the torque demand from the power management strategy.

並列關鍵字

Range-extended electric vehicle ； power management strategy ； dynamic programming ； rule extraction ； torque-based engine management system ； engine model ； model-in-the-loop ； hardware-in-the-loop

參考文獻

28.吳宜霖，應用等效油耗最小策略於油電混合機車動力分配控制之設計，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學車輛工程研究所，臺北，2009。

64.李政諭，應用模型預測控制器於機車引擎空燃比控制，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學車輛工程研究所，臺北，2010。

79.彭梓軒，應用動態規劃於混合動力機車之設計與分析，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學車輛工程研究所，臺北，2006。

3.J. Smart and S. Schey, "Battery Electric Vehicle Driving and Charging Behavior Observed Early in The EV Project," SAE Paper No. 2012-01-0199, 2012.

4.C. Bacher and G. Hohenberg, "Electric Vehicle with Combustion Engine Assist (EV-CEA)," SAE Paper No. 2011-24-0069, 2011.