應用模型預測控制器於機車引擎空燃比控制

Air Fuel Ratio Control for Scooter Engine Using Model Predictive Control

李政諭(Cheng-Yu Lee)

指導教授 ： 吳浴沂

國立臺北科技大學/機電學院/車輛工程系所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2010.00418

摘要

因應環保法規，國內各機車大廠紛紛推出電子燃油噴射(electronic fuel injection, EFI)系統之機車，與化油器比較EFI系統可提供準確且即時的燃油噴射。但進氣道壁濕現象使油膜沉積量隨著不同的引擎運轉狀態改變，而影響著進入氣缸內的燃油量。且機車使用窄域型含氧感知器，只提供空燃比濃及稀訊號，無法提供控制器理論空燃比的誤差量。因此本論文使用卡爾曼濾波器(Kalman Filter)估測排氣端空燃比及進氣歧管油膜蒸發量。本論文提出的控制器是使用基於事件(event based)架構的模型預測控制器(Model Predictive Controller, MPC)之方法設計燃油控制器，達到改善電子燃油噴射機車之空燃比控制性能。引擎模型使用Matlab/Simulink建立的125 cc機車引擎模型來評估驗證所提出的控制策略，並且利用Woodward MotoTron Control Solutions於實車引擎上實現所發展的控制策略。由模擬及實驗結果顯示本論文所提出的控制策略可在暫態運轉狀態時，能將空燃比維持在理論混和比附近。

關鍵字

模型預測控制 ； 空燃比控制 ； 卡爾曼濾波器

並列摘要

Due to the strict emission regulations, motorcycle industries start to employ electronic fuel injection (EFI) system on production scooters. Compared to the carburetor, EFI can provide exact and instant fuel injection. However, wall wetting causes fuel deposition quantity which changes with different operating conditions. It will affect the amount of fuel entering the cylinder. With the usage of narrow-band oxygen sensor, it shows whether the exhaust gas is lean or rich. The magnitude of actual air fuel ratio is unknown. An air/fuel ratio (AFR) estimator base on the Kalman filter is used to estimate the AFR in exhaust manifold and the amount of fuel evaporated from the fuel puddle on the manifold walls. An event based fuel controller based on model predictive control strategy can then be used to improve the AFR control performance. A 125 cc four-stroke engine model established in Matlab/Simulink is used to evaluate the proposed algorithms. The proposed algorithm is also implemented on a scooter engine using the electronic control unit of Woodward MotoTron Control Solutions. The simulated and experimental results show that the proposed control strategy can keep the AFR closer to the stoichimetric value during the transient operation.

並列關鍵字

Model Predictive Control ； Air Fuel Ratio Control ； Kalman Filter

參考文獻

[21] 劉洲武，應用窄域型含氧感應器於機車空燃比之控制，國立台北科技大學車輛工程學系碩士論文，台北，民國97年。

[45] 杜育瑞，機車用電子控制式無段變速系統， 碩士論文，崑山科技大學，台南，民國92年。

[50] 彭梓軒，應用動態規劃於混合動力機車之設計與分析，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學車輛工程學系，台北，民國95年。

[4] Robert Bosch, Automotive Handbook 4th, Robert Bosch GmbH, 1996.

[6] C. F. Chang, Air-fuel ratio control in an IC engine using an event based observer, Ph.D. Thesis, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, U.S., June 1993.