智慧型電表開發與校正

Development and Calibration of Intelligent Power Meters

賴政男(Cheng-Nan Lai)

指導教授 ： 蔡孟伸

國立臺北科技大學/機電學院/自動化科技研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

人類日常生活中使用的水、電、石油、天然氣等資源的同時，也會產生碳排放量的增加。因此，從日常生活中改變資源使用習慣是落實「節能減碳」的重要關鍵；然而，要改變行為，首先需要取得這些資源的使用量，才能進行改善。先進讀表基礎建設（Advanced Metering Infrastructure, AMI）在這情況下擔負了重要的角色。而「智慧型電表」則是建立「先進電表系統」的核心環節。
本論文所建構的智慧型電表開發係以MSP430F47187電能晶片作為開發平臺。此單晶片為三相電表專用晶片，類比數位轉換器不必使用外部前處理電路就可以直接處理電壓與電流雙極訊號。其內部含有七組十六位元的Sigma-Delta 類比到數位轉換器，可以對三相電壓與電流信號進行同步取樣。在各通道上，並附加PGA放大器功能，以便對於較微弱的信號進行放大。只要選用符合規格的比壓器及比流器就可以將電壓與電流訊號輸入到電能晶片。該晶片將類比訊號轉換為數位訊號後進行計算、顯示及儲存。為可以將電量資訊傳送與儲存，本電表具備MODBUS/ASCII通訊協定。只要從相對的暫存器位址讀取，就可獲得用電資訊。電表的校正可由認証機構的標準儀器進行，透過校正程序，修正電表的電力校準參數，以確保精準度可以維持在IEC 62053-22 或 CNS14607 Class 0.5標準規範內。本論文的電表是由全國認証基金會(TAF)所認証的艾爾實驗室完成電表校正。

關鍵字

先進讀表基礎建設 ； 智慧型電表 ； 先進電表系統 ； 智慧電網 ； 電子式瓦時計 ； 雙極性訊號 ； MODBUS通訊協定。

並列摘要

Human consumes water, electricity, oil, gas and other resources in daily life. As a result, the carbon emissions have been increased during the past decades. Therefore, energy consumption habit changing is the key to implement the "energy conservation and carbon footprint reduction". However, to change energy consumpation behavior, one needs to understand the usage of these resources. Advanced Metering Infrastructure plays an important role for this issue. The "intelligent Power meter" is the important part of "advanced metering system,"
This thesis utilizes the MSP430F47187 processor as the core component for the development of electronic watt-hour meters. This MCU is specifically designed for this purpose. It has an internal analog front-end circuit that can handle bi-polar AC signals. Seven 16-bit delta-sigma ADCs that is capable of acquiring three-phase currents and voltages simultaneously is equipped in this device. An additional PGA (Programmable Gain Amplifier) is also included in the chip for further enhancing the handling of small current analog signals. The MCU calculates the necessary information, e.q., KW, KVA, KWH, etc. after the signals are acquired. RTC (real-time clock) is also embedded for TOU (Time of use) function. The MODBUS communication protocol is implemented for retrieving information from the meters. The calibration function is also done through the MODBUS protocol. After the calibration, the meter is able to follow the IEC 62053-22 and CNS14607 class 0.5 standards .The calibratrion process is done at the Elab Laboratory that is certified by Taiwan Accreditation Foundation (TAF) using standard equipment.

並列關鍵字

Advanced Metering Infrastructure ； Electronic Watt-hour meter ； Advanced Metering System ； Smart Grid ； Bipolar Signals ； MODBUS communication protocol

參考文獻

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