土方開挖與型鋼支撐最佳化施工之研究

A Study on the Construction Optimization of Braced Excavation

葉政義(Cheng-Yi Yeh)

指導教授 ： 倪至寬

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/土木與防災研究所/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2006.00052

摘要

都會區內建築物設計逐漸朝高層及地下發展，造成深開挖工程之規模和深度日益增加，在地下室開挖階段，開挖土方量及型鋼支撐架設面積增多，施工所需時間也相對的增加，使得擋土壁無側向支撐時間延長，擋土壁體的側向變位增加，也容易造成鄰損事件發生。
有鑑於此，本研究共蒐集並篩選六個土方開挖配合型鋼支撐的工程案例，藉由記錄土方開挖及支撐架設的施工程序，配合與工程界學者專家諮詢之方式，提出影響施工進度與安全之因素。將來可提供施工單位於構台配置及地下室開挖階段，依照基地現場條件，如開挖面幾何形狀、地盤種類及開挖支撐施工原則，針對影響現場施工進度與安全性之因素進行改善，達到提升工作效率和減少人力機具閒置的最佳化配置，使得擋土壁無側向支撐時間縮短，亦可減少擋土壁體的側向變位，確保鄰房之安全。
研究成果將各工程案例中所探討之因素，依照施工流程共歸納成三個部分：（1）構台配置：包含進出口位置、構台最小寬度、構台至擋土壁最遠距離及開挖支撐分開施工或重疊施工（2）土方開挖階段：機具因素、開挖深度、地盤種類與地下水、天候、地中壁、扶壁及開挖原則（3）型鋼支撐架設階段：工作面完整性、支撐架設深度、人力機具及材料搭配、背填混凝土施作時機、天候、基地高程差、開挖面幾何形狀、單路支撐長度、轉換橫擋及支撐施加預力方式。

關鍵字

地下室開挖 ； 型鋼支撐 ； 施工構台 ； 最佳化

並列摘要

In order to grand structures and more braced excavation of the metropolis, therefore the scale and depth of excavation project increase day by day. Not also earthmoving operation and strut area, but also needs more construction time. Eventually the no lateral strut time and lateral displacement of retaining wall increase, hence is damaged neighbor buildings easy.
This study proposed the influence factors of construction progress and safe during braced excavation, therefore divided into deck allocation, braced excavation and support setup three stages. Might provided construction supervisor to optimize factors of construction progress and safe according to soil profile, site characteristics, ground condition and the principle of braced excavation during deck allocation and braced excavation stages. Therefore work efficiency is optimized and without Human-Powered and equipment idle time. Not only shorten the no lateral strut time, but also reduced the lateral displacement of retaining wall. The problems of damaged neighbor buildings owing to deep retained excavation might no longer occur.
The study considers the factors of each project case, and concludes three parts according to the construction flow. In the first is deck allocation, include the import/export position and least width of the deck and so on. Second is braced excavation, include depth of excavation and ground condition. Finally, the depth and length of strut, weather, transform strut and method of pre-stress force are also considered.

並列關鍵字

basement excavation ； braced ； deck ； optimization

參考文獻

[21] 謝旭昇、呂芳熾，「淺論扶壁式連續之分析與設計」，地工技術，第76期，1999，第40-50頁。

[1] 中國土木水利工程學會，土方工程，台北，科技圖書，1996。

[2] 台北市土木技師工會，實用開挖擋土支撐工程設計手冊，台北，2002，第2-10-2-13頁。

[3] 田家豪，基礎施工災害防制措施之研究，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學土木與防災研究所，台北，2003。

[4] 李芸穎，應用案例分析來探討不同地盤改良方法下之連續壁變形行為，碩士論文，國立台灣科技大學營建工程系，台北，2002。