DFIG架構離岸風場併入輸電系統之研究

The Study of DFIG Offshore Wind Farm Connection to Transmission System

鄭諭嶸(Yu-Jung Cheng)

指導教授 ： 李清吟

國立臺北科技大學/電資學院/電機工程系研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

世界經濟快速發展下，各國對化石燃料能源使用程度相對提高。自從美國風電廠併入大型電網有顯著發展，技術改進、成本降低和環境影響降低，使得風力發電備受肯定於未來重要能源的一部分。因此，當進行風力電網規劃或運行分析時，工程師致力於風力渦輪機的模型，而忽略穩定性的問題。故符合風機模型的商業電力系統分析工具，如PSS/E電力系統分析軟體是迫切需要的。其可提供維修及運轉調度人員瞭解電力系統中較脆弱處之現象，如電壓降或損失等因素，作為補償改善及調整控制方法之依據，本論文除分析系統較脆弱處之狀況為依據外，另提供雙饋式感應發電機(Doubly Fed Induction Generator, DFIG)電壓控制與功率因數控制模式來分析系統響應為研究方向。
本論文採用商業電力系統分析軟體PSS/E 29版為分析工具，配合軟體內建之GE 3.6風力發電機模型架構下操作。GE 3.6是依據台灣廣泛採用雙饋式感應發電機DFIG之運轉特性設計，模擬台灣2010年彰濱108 MW大型離岸風場與2015年澎湖201.6 MW大型離岸風場配合台澎海底電纜併入系統前後觀察與系統尖峰和離峰之響應，驗證其併入後最大故障電流安全無虞。風機本身具備電壓控制模式以及功率因數控制模式，於不同設定下配合固定風速與變化風速執行單機模擬外，於風場併入前後觀察PCC點穩態、暫態和風機之響應。其暫態模擬包含台灣
iii
系統北、中、南及PCC點轄區內345 kV系統和161 kV系統之三相短路故障與PCC點轄區內跳一回線故障，提出PCC點為圓心於三相短路故障下影響風場切離之區域統計分析。其穩態模擬包含系統與PCC點一回線停用及轄區附近兩回線停用，於台澎海底電纜一回線停用時提出兩套補償措施。功率因數控制主要功能是配合有效功率輸出固定的無效功率，適合用於系統初始負載潮流規劃，調節系統上無效功率的量，於澎湖離岸風場提出適當控制設定點，其控制與電壓控制相同於系統發生暫態故障皆會穩定其系統之電壓波動。因系統於離峰時系統部分傳統發電機未投入運轉，故使風力發電於整個電力系統中的占比提高，使得風力發電影響節點電壓更為明顯。

關鍵字

再生能源 ； 風力發電 ； 雙饋式感應發電機 ； 離岸風場 ； 海底電纜

並列摘要

The world economy is developing rapidly, every country uses of fossil-fuel energy is raising. Wind power generation has been undergone a significant development since the Large scale grid incorporated into wind farm appeared in the United States of America. Especially in techniques improving, cost down and low environmental impact, wind power seems certain to play a major part in the future. Therefore, when the network planning or analysis of wind power is being done, engineers think that the efforts spend in the model of wind turbines which, and ignore the issue of stability. A wind turbine model compatible with commercial power system analysis tools, like PSS/E, is important to be used. PSS/E provides maintenance and operation of power system dispatch personnel more aware of the fragility of the phenomenon, for examples, the voltage drops, loss, or other factors. As compensation, and adjust the control method to improve it. In addition, we present DFIG different control modes to analyze the system response.
We propose the power system analysis software PSS/E version 29 has been used as the analysis tools, which operation with the GE 3.6 wind turbine model. GE 3.6 is based on the operating characteristics of DFIG wind turbine is used in Taiwan. GE 3.6 wind turbine model operating characteristics of the design is base on DFIG. This model is used to simulate the Taiwan Changpin 108 MW large-scale offshore wind farms in 2010 year and Penghu 201.6 MW large-scale offshore wind farms with Taiwan to Penghu submarine cable in 2015 year which review the system of the peak and light response with/without large-scale offshore wind farms and verify safe or not to the largest fault current with/without large-scale offshore wind farms. Wind turbine is provided with voltage control mode and power factor control mode. In a single wind turbine simulation in different settings with a fixed wind speed and a ranp wind speed, PCC points were observed for steady-state, transient-state response between the wind farms connect with/without the system. Transient-state simulation three-phase short-circuit fault in system includes north, central, south of Taiwan and PCC point area 345 kV system and 161 kV system and the point of PCC area with jump one circuit fault. We present PCC point were statistical analyzed as a center of a circle calculating that the wind farms disconnect region when three-phase short-circuit fault occurs. In Steady-state simulation, including system and out of one circuit and the PCC and out of two circuits near the area under PCC’s control. The two compensatory measures were proposed when out of one circuit from Taiwan to Penghu submarine cable. The main function of the controlling of power factor is to match the output active power with a fixed reactive power output. It suites for planning initial load flow system to regulate the system reactive power and offer an appropriate set-point control of Penghu offshore wind farms. The controlling of power factor and the controlling of voltage is equal to system occurring suppress voltage fluctuations in the transient event of fault. Due to some of the traditional generator system is not included in operation, so the proportion of wind power is increased in the entire power system, such that the impact of wind power node voltage becomes more evident.

並列關鍵字

Revive Energy ； Wind Power ； Doubly Fed Induction Generator ； Off-shore Wind Farm ； Submarine Cable

參考文獻

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