- 學位論文
長期照顧機構夜間火災避難安全驗證之研究
Safety Evaluation and Verification for Nighttime Fire Evacuation of Long-term Care Facilities
摘要
安全的火災避難在於逃生過程中不被火災產生的火流、煙、熱所危害，而避難時間的長短取決於避難速度，老年人與一般正常人的避難速度有明顯的差異，主要在於老年人因生理機能的退化，造成行動能力遲緩，大部份的老人行動不便，需要他人協助或以輔助器具避難，於火災避難逃生中屬避難弱勢者。因受限其本身行動能力因素，造成避難逃生困難度增加，使得避難時間延長，進而影響其是否可以順利避難逃生。 欲檢視場所避難逃生之情形，以「實地演練」可以較為真實了解整個避難過程，經由場所人員實際的避難疏散行為發現缺失，找出造成傷亡的原因。本研究以6家長期照顧機構，採夜間情境進行實地避難驗證，透過現地會勘，調查場所使用特性、內部空間規劃、避難逃生動線、老人行動能力、住服人員比例等相關資料，檢視各機構老人避難情形，探討其避難速度之差異並且是否符合現行長期照顧機構避難驗證之規定。 研究結果顯示協助老人垂直避難所需時間較長，運用夜間留宿的工作人員、召回支援協助避難，可適時填補夜間人力不足的困境。建置適當空間的相對安全區劃作為暫時待援區域，可減少步行距離，縮短逃生時間並提高避難的成功率。
並列摘要
Safe fire evacuation is to ensure that people will not be harmed by the fire flow, smoke and heat produced by fire during evacuation. The time of evacuation is dependent on the speed of evacuation. There is a significant difference in the speed of evacuation between the elderly and non-elderly people, and the main cause is the degradation of physiological functions of the elderly, which leads to the decreased mobility in the elderly. Most of the elderly suffer from decreased mobility and need the assistance from others or aids for evacuation. They are the disadvantaged group in fire evacuation. Decreased mobility of the elderly leads to increased difficulty in evacuation, extends the time of evacuation and further affects the possibility to successful evacuation. To inspect the fire evacuation of long-term care facilities, a “fire drill” can be practiced to authentically reflect the overall evacuation process, discover the deficiencies in the actual evacuation behaviors of the personnel in LTC facilities and find out the causes of casualties. This study selected 6 LTC facilities as the study sites to practice fire drill at nighttime, and conducted on-site inspection to collect relevant data, such as the usage characteristics of facilities, interior space planning, evacuation routes, residents’ mobility and caregiver-to-resident ratio, in order to inspect the status of fire evacuation of residents at each facility, investigate the differences in speed of evacuation and verify whether the fire evacuation is compliant with the current regulations on the evacuation verification of LTC facilities. The research results showed that it takes more time to assist the elderly in vertical evacuation. The use of staff who stay in LTC facilities at nighttime and recalling for support for assisting in evacuation can make up for the lack of manpower timely. The establishment of relative safe area with adequate space as the area for temporary placement can reduce walking distance, shorten the time of evacuation and increase the success rate of evacuation.