小型老人養護機構逃生避難行動之模擬與實驗研究

A Study on Evacuation Route of Small Nursing Facility

王子涵(Tzu-Han Wang)

指導教授 ： 林裕昌

國立臺北科技大學/設計學院/建築與都市設計研究所/碩士(2009年)

摘要

隨著人口高齡化成長，老人福利機構數目逐年攀升且多為小型老人養護機構。小型老人養護機構與一般建築物使用者之屬性不同，在逃生避難上多數仍需仰賴看護者協助或移動工具才能行動，為了解看護者協助老人避難行動狀況，研究目的如下：
一、 實驗單間寢室之看護者以床單、輪椅輔助老人行動和老人自行以輪椅移動之避難時間。
二、 透過簡易二層法、建築物防火避難安全性能驗證技術手冊、FDS等三種方法了解煙降時間和煙流特性，以驗證實測之人員避難時間。
本實驗計畫以防火區劃作為安全區域，將實驗所得避難時間以三種煙降方法驗證比較，得到下列結論：
一、 實驗項目中以日間男性看護者1人以床單輔助避難時間的2.23分最久。
二、 透過三種煙降方法與實測人員避難時間驗證比較，結果皆為避難失敗。
本研究建議之因應對策如下：
一、 看護者在人員比率上仍顯嚴重不足，建議社政機關可降低人員比率規範。
二、 建議增設自然排煙設備，並加裝初期滅火設備，如：自動撒水設備等，以達雙重維護標準。
三、 建議將每間居室獨立防火區劃，並輔以常閉式防火門，使行動不便之老人可就近等待消防救援。

關鍵字

小型老人養護機構 ； 逃生避難 ； 防火區劃

並列摘要

The number of welfare organizations for elders is increasing while aging population is growing bigger and bigger, but most of them tend to be small-scale care houses. The attributes of small-scale care houses for elders are different from the general buildings. Most elders need assistance from caretakers or moving devices to evacuate. The current research inspected how caretakers helped elders escape from emergency situations and other purposes were listed as followed:
1. The evacuation duration of single bedroom occupant was timed in two different ways. Firstly, the elder was evacuated under the assistance of caretaker who helped the elder move out by the sheets or wheelchair. Secondly, the elder evacuated from the room by moving the wheelchair on his own.
2. The timing of descending smoke and features of smoke flow were examined by the simple double layer method, Route B, and Fire Dynamic Stimulator (FDS) in order to testify people’s evacuation duration.

The fire prevention zoning was set to be the safe zone in the current experiment. The evacuation duration and three methods of descending smoke were compared and testified. The results were as followed:
1. In the experimental item, the male day caretaker took the longest time evacuating the elder by sheets with 2.23 minutes.
2. Through the verification between three methods of descending smoke and the evacuation duration of experimental participants, the evacuation operation failed.

The current study suggested several strategies below:
1. The ration between caretakers and care house occupants were obviously too high. It was advised that the government should set a standard of proper ration.
2. It was recommended to install additional outlet ventilation facilities and initial fire extinguishers, such as automatic sprinkler system, in order to keep the double standards.
3. It was suggested to design each room as an individual fire prevention zoning and equip a normally closed fire door which could allow elders wait safely for the rescue party.

並列關鍵字

Small-scale care houses for elderly people ； evacuation and refuge ； fire prevention zoning

參考文獻

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