無線射頻辨識系統二維平面定位演算法之研究

The Research of two-dimensional positioning algorithm for RFID systems

吳宜軒(Yi-Shyuan Wu)

指導教授 ： 柯開維

國立臺北科技大學/電資學院/資訊工程系研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2007.00082

摘要

定位系統所提供的資訊可提供各種不同應用的必要資訊，在室外定位技術發展已趨向成熟且被廣泛的應用在日常生活上，各種產品也已相繼推出，例如GPS、GSM基地定位法等。在室內定位技術的部份，則由於近年來各項無線技術的快速發展，提供實現此技術的多樣選擇考量，像Infrared、802.11、Ultrasonic、Bluetooth、Zigbee與RFID等，皆可提供其實做的技術，而RFID不論是在成本、實用性與應用方面皆比其他技術擁有較好及較大彈性的擴充性與選擇性，故本研究選擇它做室內定位的應用。
本論文使用主動式RFID電子標籤技術，提出一個適用於室內二維平面的定位演算法。本演算法引入RFID Reader和參考標籤(reference tags)轉發的概念，利用不同佈局與和Reader的實際距離、訊號存取動作流程及所接收到的訊號，估測所欲定位的RFID電子標籤的距離與方向，達到定位的目的。此外，本論文也進一步探討不同的佈局方式會造成何種的影響，以及各種誤差因素與實際定位上的考量，解釋演算法使用設定上的一些依據，使此定位系統更臻合理與完整。

關鍵字

無線射頻辨識 ； 參考標籤 ； 室內定位 ； 訊號強度 ； 無線通訊

並列摘要

Location-awareness system can provide location information for various applications. Outdoor location-awareness systems based upon GPS and GSM base stations positioning products emerge and facilitate for human’s life. The proliferation of wireless technologies such as infrared, 802.11, Ultrasonic, Bluetooth, Zigbee, and RFID has fostered in growing interest in indoor location-awareness system. Among these technologies, RFID presents itself a good indoor location-awareness application with advantages of more cheap, practical, and flexible than others.
This research devotes the efforts to develop a RFID location-awareness mechanism for an indoor two-dimensional space and proposes a positioning algorithm based upon special active RFID tags. This algorithm can estimate RFID tag’s location with the assistance of some location-given objects (called special tags) and specific reading procedures. With the algorithm, the positioning system is able to detect tag’s direction and distance from a single Reader. The estimated location is then computed according to the amount of information received. In addition, to make the algorithm more practical and convincing, the research proposes different deployments, discusses and explains the determination of parameters’ setting, and evaluates and compares average positioning errors from various aspects.

並列關鍵字

RFID ； Indoor positioning ； Reference tags ； Signal strength ； Wireless communication

參考文獻

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