主動式RFID室內定位追蹤演算法與系統設計

Design of Indoor Positioning and Tracking Algorithm and System Based on Active RFID Technology

龔哲幀(Che-Chen Kung)

指導教授 ： 柯開維

國立臺北科技大學/電資學院/資訊工程系研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2010.00367

摘要

隨著全球無線行動通訊的蓬勃發展，促使無線通訊定位技術突飛猛進。無線通訊定位技術最廣泛使用的便是全球定位系統 (GPS)，但GPS如遭到障礙物的阻擋便會產生定位誤差，甚至是無法進行定位，所以較不適用於室內定位。
LANDMARC則是近年來提出利用RFID技術進行室內定位的方法。此定位法是利用Reader接收到參考點與定位點訊號強度之差異度進行定位，不需要昂貴的設備即可達到室內定位效果，但因室內空間比室外複雜，訊號強度因障礙物的阻隔或是人員的走動造成衰減，使得定位精準度大幅降低。因此本研究提出Sliding Window Moving Average (滑動視窗移動平均法)與Successive Moving Average (連續移動平均法)兩種訊號強度處理法，藉由平均Tag回傳的訊號強度，增加訊號強度穩定性；針對有隔牆存在的狀況，提出Virtual tag group-based RFID positioning (虛擬標籤群組定位法)，實測證明，此方法比LANDMARC更能有效地辨別定位區域，增加定位精準度。

關鍵字

無線射頻識別 ； 室內定位 ； 訊號強度 ； 追蹤

並列摘要

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is the most popular and accurate one in positioning technologies. Unfortunately, it is not operate as expected when applying in the indoor environment, due to weak reception of signal from satellite. Therefore, various algorithms applying different wireless techniques, such as Wi-Fi, ZigBee, and RFID, were proposed to overcome the drawback of GPS for indoor positioning applications.
In terms of using RFID technology, LANDMARC, although not the first, is the most popular one being referred. It was based upon the returned signal strength (RSS) from reference tags on given locations to estimate the position of an unknown tag. This research stems from the idea of LANDMARC and proposes virtual reference tag method and group-based algorithm to reduce the cost of deployment and the average error of positioning. In order to minimize the variances of RSS of virtual reference tags, two average computations, sliding-window and successive moving average, are utilized. The positioning method is verified through intensive practical tests for single and multiple zones. Also, the test of tracking successive moving over multizone environment is presented as well.

並列關鍵字

RFID ； Indoor positioning ； RSSI ； Tracking

參考文獻

[13] 吳宜軒著，「無線射頻辨識系統二維平面定位演算法之研究」，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學資訊工程研究所，台北，2007。

[11] L. M. Ni, Y. Liu, Y. C. Lau, and A. P. Patil, “LANDMARC: Indoor Location Sensing Using Active RFID,” Wireless Networks, vol.10, pp. 701-710, November, 2004.

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