瓦斯供應監控系統與防災成效之探討

自1995年日本阪神地震後，國內主管機關、專家學者及瓦斯業界多次前往日本，考察當地瓦斯公司及防救災體系對抗地震之經驗；同時，國內業者也相繼引進微電腦瓦斯表、埋設高耐震PE管及瓦斯供應區塊化之概念；由於建置SCSDA系統費用相當昂貴，初期僅在都會區如大台北區瓦斯及新海瓦斯等公司開始籌劃建置。歷經921及331二次地震更證明SCSDA系統及供應區塊化、微電腦瓦斯表、PE管等，對於地震防災及災後迅速復舊之效果，全省各瓦斯公司除依主管機關規定做供應區塊化管理外，並陸續建置SCSDA系統及災害緊急應變計畫，主管機關並將此列入年度查核重點事項。 2010年從海地、智利到台灣，全球接連發生強震，引起地震專家關注，根據地震專家預測，日本東海區每約150年會爆發一次規模8.0的大地震，至今已經超過期限，因此，這裡將會是接下來最可能發生大地震的地點。近年來日本東京瓦斯公司為可能發生的首都直下型（正下方）地震，所建置之供應監控系統及地震防災對策所做的努力，值得國人借鏡學習。由於歷史背景及地理因素，台灣地區瓦斯工程設備及技術多由日本引進，本研究整理了近年來日本瓦斯公司及國內大台北區瓦斯、欣中天然氣、欣泰天然氣等規模較大之業者，近年來對抗地震防救災的寶貴經驗，探討瓦斯監控系統及供應區塊化在防救災應用之成效。瓦斯供應系統之災害防救一般都以地震防災為主要考量，2009年8月7日中度颱風莫拉克夾帶空前雨量侵襲台灣，造成「八八風災」重創南台灣，隨著地球環境的改變，根據氣象專家警告，類似莫拉克等級的颱風豪雨，今後將成為常態；因此，今後應提高風災及水災對於瓦斯安全供應之影響。希望此研究成果有助於國內瓦斯業者，建置更安全有效之供應監控系統及擬定適合本身之瓦斯防救災應變計畫。

關鍵字

瓦斯；監控系統；瓦斯供應區塊化； SCADA

並列摘要

Ever since the occurrence of the Japanese Kobe Earthquake in 1995, Taiwanese government officials, experts, and the gas industry have made frequent trips to Japan, trying to gain an insight on how local gas companies and disaster prevention systems are fighting earthquakes. Within this time period, gas utilities within Taiwan have progressively introduced the concepts of micro-meters, earthquake-resistant PE pipes, and segmenting the distribution area into different blocks. SCADA Systems, previously, have only been adopted by companies operating within high density metropolitan areas, such as the Great Taipei Gas Company and Shin-Hai Gas, due to their high initial setup cost. Micro-meters, earthquake-resistant PE pipes, and distribution area segmentation have proven their effectiveness for earthquake prevention and swiftness of post-earthquake restoration during the 921 and 331 earthquakes, and governing agencies made distribution area segmentation a compulsory obligation, while all utility companies are seeking to establish their own SCADA System and Disaster Emergency Response Program. In 2010, from Haiti, Chile to Taiwan, a series of strong earthquakes had continuous occurred globally, causing great concern among earthquake experts. According of experts’ predictions, earthquakes with a scale of 8.0 will occur in the East China Sea of Japan about every 150 years, and at this point in time, it has been well past that time. Therefore, this location will be the next most likely area to have a major earthquake. In recent years, the Tokyo Gas Company has built a supply monitoring system and earthquake disaster prevention measures for a possible major earthquake (with an epicenter right below) in the capital, which is worth learning and understanding. Due to its historical background and geographical factors, the majority of Taiwan’s gas engineering equipment and technology come from Japanese origins. This study has gathered earthquake disaster prevention information from Japanese gas companies, and large Taiwanese companies such as The Great Taipei Gas Corporation, Shin-Chun Natural Gas, Hsin-Tai Gas Company, investigating the effectiveness of gas monitoring systems and supply blocks. Typically, disaster prevention and relief regarding gas supply systems focus on disaster prevention of earthquakes. On August 7th, 2009, Typhoon Morakot brought heavy rain into Taiwan, causing the [88 Disaster] to hit hard on southern Taiwan. With global environmental changes taking place, meteorological experts warn that from now on, typhoons of levels similar to Typhoon Morakot striking Taiwan will occur on a more regular basis. Therefore, more emphasis should be put into enhancing gas safety measures regarding hurricane and flood. This study’s research result shall hopefully be helpful to the Taiwanese gas industry in establishing safer and more effective monitoring systems, and designing a better tailored gas disaster prevention plan.