剝皮寮歷史街區文化觀光現象詮釋-以部落格觀察為例

Interpretation the Cultural Tourism phenomenon in the Bopiliao Historic District-A Case Study of Blog

何明月(Ming-Yueh HO)

指導教授 ： 蔡淑瑩

國立臺北科技大學/設計學院/建築與都市設計研究所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2013.00201

摘要

將當地歷史、文化、自然、生活方式所構成的主軸、空間場域、活動、記憶、人物故事…等，與古蹟歷史建築共構與再詮釋，已是其再活化的新型態；而文化與觀光的結合亦是近年來台灣興起的思潮與作為，在這樣的時空交會下，呈現了何種狀態？這是值得探究的議題。採上述觀點及相關論述下，以剝皮寮歷史街區作為該議題探究，因為現今萬華區內清代漢人的街景與歷史見證，亦在台北市「文創首都」政策下，作為文化創意活動平台、媒介及鄉土教育場域，且在近年電影「艋舺」文化行銷下，成了能見度及可及性高的文化觀光場域，基於此其作為文化觀光實踐場域其呈現空間生產、詮釋與再詮釋為何，是為本研究之議題。

研究時間為2009年剝皮寮開放迄2012年10月31日，據最新資策會於2011年3月所調查公佈網路人口數已達1593697755人數，創市際市場研究顧問於2009年9月18日公佈網路社群(部落格)小調查資料顯示，網路人口有經營部落格者已達56.2%之人口，可知部落格具代表性及推論性，以母體為15936977*56.2%=8956581人，依95%信心水準及3%的抽樣誤差，需抽樣樣本數為1067份，本研究共抽樣1071份觀光文本，取樣於Yahoo搜尋之部落格平台奇摩、無名、天空、痞客邦、Xuit、Udn、PChome、Blogger、樂多、新浪及優仕網等十一個，依各所佔比例進行文本立意抽樣，研究方法採內容分析法進行觀光文本之定質與定量分析與詮釋，輔以產、官、學、部落客、觀光客及在地居民共計30位受訪者深入訪談，交互分析其空間性及存有間之命題與建議，研究結果如下所述：
(一)現存感知現象
呈現影城化現象/在地文化底蘊與精神不被彰顯與聯結/電影艋舺作為城市行銷與敘事文本，凌架於剝皮寮真實之上，但也成了流行文化與文化消費之空間再利用型態/作為展覽空間，新舊混合詭異有趣/是都市裡的庶民建築群，較其它老街多了古早味與懷舊味/是建築領域者可探訪建築史蹟與學習的場域/給觀光客的直觀感受不像老街像小型的展覽場/鄉土教育中心是了解剝皮寮的觸媒/適合親子教育、活動與學習的場所/現今亦成為艋舺的代表性之一，但聯結性尚待被彰顯/少了原有的人情味，原有的社會脈絡被破壞/成了一個觀光景點與多了一個做生意的地方/除了艋舺電影那波觀光熱潮外，現今剝皮寮留不住觀光人潮，也沒帶動周邊觀光/跟鄉土的關係不是那麼密切。

(二)觀光行為現象：
休閒活動為主要觀光行為佔20%，攝影敘事位居第二佔19%，文化體驗居第三佔14%，上述三種型態為主要的觀光行為，合計為53%。

(三)四大類型之文化觀光現象分析結果為：
主要為城市體驗型觀光，但符合城市型深度意涵合計僅佔9%，事件型之觀光則完全沒有產生，故主要是以學習型觀光為主，具有文化觀光精神內涵與特質的觀光類型合計為59%，由此可知文化觀光的真正精神與行為尚待誘發與發展。

(四)開放迄今的文化觀光現象變遷：
2009年是為場景拍攝的景點；2010年電影艋舺上映與城市行銷，成為民眾週休二日的觀光景點，此時城市體驗文化觀光類型較2009年成長，流行文化觀光行為亦呈現增長；2011年延續了2010年狀態，而親子活動所佔比例在此年度呈現成長狀態；2012年成為場域敘事背景，親子活動在此年度呈現持續成長，流行文化觀光呈現消螁，電影「艋舺」效應不再，現存型態成了場景化的消費場所，空間漸為市民活動的場域。

相關建議如下所述：
(一)再現空間-空間再現
1.文化底蘊的展現：剝皮寮歷史街區之場所精神再現
透過教育局與文化局可能於下述中著力計畫，如：剝皮寮老產業重返計畫、剝皮寮曾有的歷史場景規劃相關空間體驗與解說、鄉土教育中心與社區活動結合、文化創意與在地文化的結合作為文化體驗媒介。

2.在地化與生活化：民眾參與及社區營造再現常民活動
透過教育局與文化局可能於下述中著力計畫，如：建立當地民俗活動成為該城市事件型文化觀光〈青山宮夜巡活動〉，且與周遭常民生活與活動的路徑聯結產生活動場域、剝皮寮部份空間開放社區使用以利營造社區活動與生活的產生、剝皮寮歷史街區辦理與社區相關的活動。

(二)空間再現-空間實踐
1.永續的城市行銷策略與文化觀光活動結合：剝皮寮為聯結與發散點
2016年的台北市世界設計之都計畫，可對應艋舺城市課題的解決策略，建議文化局可透過永續的城市行銷策略，如：以說老台北的故事出發與發掘當地故事，作為當地之文化觀光活動結合，而處於艋舺龍山寺周圍的庶民建築與生活圈，與之聯結為一個文化觀光體驗圈，剝皮寮所處位置與其現存的場域可定位為聯結與發散點。

2.空間性、歷史性、社會性交融：剝皮寮歷史街區與周遭紋理再織
透過規劃讓剝皮寮與周遭環境的聯結性加強，建議文化局與都更處〈URS計畫〉可透過發掘當地特色，建立該地特色社區形成觀光點，透過觀光點串聯形成觀光足跡圈，讓觀光真正走入在地，如：鄰近青草巷、廣州街、貴陽街、大理街、龍山寺及周邊商圈，是艋舺當地早期發展核心圈，有宗教活動、早期的傳統產業、美食、服飾等，可建立剝皮寮與艋舺城市體驗文化觀光類型的聯結與觀光路徑，產生紋理的聯結與再織。

關鍵字

歷史街區保存與再利用及活化 ； 空間結構 ； 場所精神 ； 文化觀光現象

並列摘要

It is a new style of revitalization to co-structure and re-interpret historic construction with the district’s history, culture, nature, life style and with district’s space field, activity, memory, feature story. It is also a new trend in Taiwan recently to combine culture with tourism. But, what will happen in doing like this? It should be an issue worthy of research. Therefore, I made a research on Bo-Pi-Liao historic district. Hans street view left from Chin Dynasty in current Wan-Hua district has become a spot light of culture and tourism because of the movie “Monga”. It is also a place for cultural creative activities under “Taipei – Capital of Cultural Creation” to introduce local arts to the public. Base on the above, I have decided to do my research on this district.

My research was made from 2009 till today (2013). I reviewed various blogs tourism articles on internet – yahoo, wretch, yam, pixnet, Xuit, Udn, PChome, Blogger, roodo, sina and youthwant. I used all blogs tourism articles as the mattress, selected samples from each website in ratio, then proceeded the quantitative and qualitative analysis. I also interviewed with industry, government, academia, bloggers, tourists and residents to do cross analysis on subject and suggestion of space and existing, and got research result as below:

A. Existing phenomena
Presents as a studio /No highlight nor connection on local culture and spirit / Has been marketed and described as the movie “Monga” rather than the real Bo-Pi-Liao. It is a space reusing model of popular culture and culture consumption /It is weird but interesting to mix old with new for exhibition /Ordinary people houses in city present more old feeling and reminiscence than other old streets present/It is a good place for architect relating persons to see historic buildings / Tourists do not think it as an old street but a small exhibition center /Heritage & Culture Education Center is the key to know Bo-Pi-Liao /It is a place good for parents & kids education, activities and learning /It is the symbol of Monga, but connection in between needs to be improved / Less warmness and friendliness of the people, relationship with people was gone /It has become a tourism spot, and a place for doing business /Tourism boom stirred by the movie “Monga” cannot be sustained, nor is helpful to the neighborhood tourism/ Relationships with local not so closely.

B. Tourism activities :
Free time activity 20%, photograph 19%, cultural experience 14% (the third on the list). These three major tourism activities take 53%.

C. Analysis result on four major cultural tourisms:
Most are city experience tourism, but only 9% meet with city in-depth travel standard, and zero on event tourism. Therefore, most are learning type tourism. Tourism with cultural tourism spirit and character take 59%. So, cultural tourism spirit and behavior still need to be encouraged and developed.

D. Cultural tourism changes occurred from the beginning till today :
It was a movie shooting scenic spot in 2009. Movie “Monga” released and city marketing in 2010, it became a scenic spot for publics on weekends. City experience tourism activity in 2010 is more than in 2009. Popular cultural tourism behavior also increased in 2009. Status of 2011 is the same as in 2010. Parents & kids activity increased in 2011. It was a place for field story in 2012, parents & kids activity kept on growing in 2012; while popular cultural tourism activity was less due movie “Monga” no longer popular. It became a place of business and of citizens activity.

Relating suggestions as below:
A. Present space again – present space again
1. Present culture again – present Bo-Pi-Liao historic streets again.
Through assistance and support of Department of Cultural Affairs and Department of Education to do following plans – rebuild Bo-Pi-Liao cultural industry, Bopiliao had a history of scenario planning related to spatial experience and explanation, combine Heritage & Culture Education Center with community activities, to form a culture experience center by integrating cultural creation with local culture.

2. Like everyday local life – activities for ordinary people and for the community.
Through assistance and support of Department of Cultural Affairs and Department of Education to do following plans: make local people folk activities as city event culture & tourism (eg. Chin-Shan Temple’s annual celebration), combine local people’s life with activity route, open Bo-Pi-Liao space partially for community activity, held community activity at Bo-Pi-Liao historic streets.

B. Present space again – how to use space practically
1. Combine culture & tourism activity with sustainable city marketing strategy: Bo-Pi-Liao is the connection center.
Find subject relating to Monga through the plan of 2016 Taipei - World Design Capital, suggest Department of Cultural Affairs make a sustainable city marketing strategy, combine activity with local culture & tourism from Taipei old story to the district stories, or map a culture & tourism route including ordinary people’s activity & house around Monga Temple. Bo-Pi-Liao can be the connection center for all these activities.

2. Merge space, history and community all together, reveal Bo-Pi-Liao historic streets and its surroundings.
Strengthen the connection between Bo-Pi-Liao and its surroundings. Suggest Department of Cultural Affairs and Taipei City Urban Regeneration Office to find this district’s characters as sightseeing spots, then to map a tourism route for all spots. The route may cover the specific lane selling Chinese herbals, Guangzhou Street, Guiyang Street, Dali Street, Longshan Temple and its surroundings (it is the developing center in early age of Monga, there are religious activity, traditional industries, food and clothes vendors in this area.), so to form a city experience culture & tourism route and re-reveal Bo-Pi-Liao and Monga.

並列關鍵字

keeping ； reuse and revitalization of historic district ； space structure ； field spirit ； culture and tourism

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