透過您的圖書館登入
IP:18.223.171.12
  • 學位論文

生質能源政策對永續發展之探討—以台灣地區生質柴油發展為例

A Study of Biomass Energy Policy for Sustainable Development— The Case of Biodiesel Development in Taiwan

指導教授 : 邱垂昱 陳凱瀛
若您是本文的作者,可授權文章由華藝線上圖書館中協助推廣。

摘要


能源安全危機及日益嚴重的溫室效應,促使全球積極發展替代性的潔淨能源。生質柴油因為理論上具有不會增加額外碳排放量的環境友善性,並且符合現行化石能源使用的介面和習慣,可達到減低對化石能源的依賴度,抑制地球暖化的速度,因此被視為能解決能源與環境問題的有效工具,遂成為目前發展度頗高的替代能源選項。而台灣能源蘊藏量極度貧乏,所需能源幾乎全數仰賴進口,能源安全性極低,又因為能源的消費與經濟的成長有絕對的正相關性,因此發展替代能源以分散風險,有其刻不容緩的必要性。另外台灣在農業發展上,因受到多為高山丘陵的地形條件限制,耕地面積稀少,在糧食生產上無法達到經濟規模,所以在2002年加入WTO後,因為無法與廉價的進口農產品競爭,為了避免穀賤傷農,因此政府採取休耕補貼措施以維持量價的平衡。造成到了2008年止,休耕面積已達230000公頃,佔可耕作面積的37%。 基於上述現實情勢,行政院永續發展委員會針對生質柴油議題,結合跨部會行政部門,利用休耕農田種植生質作物,以發展台灣生質柴油產業。依2007年行政院產業科技策略會議(SRB)結論,生質柴油在2010年時將進入B2階段,目標為10萬公秉。 本研究依上述情境,以SWOT、生命週期分析法及永續發展的概念,評估台灣生質柴油產業之市場競爭力及其對環境衝擊效應和對能源替代貢獻程度。研究發現,以台灣的先天地理條件,生質柴油產業不論在經濟面向、環境面向和社會面向,都並不具有永續發展的潛能;而以自產陸生油脂作物,欲達到生質柴油B2目標的10萬公秉,則所需的耕地面積分別為:大豆約210084公頃,油菜約98814公頃,向日葵約276243公頃;則其各所佔台灣總休耕面積之比例分別為91.34%、42.96%及120.11%。以台灣糧食自給率僅及32%的程度,過度的獎勵休耕農地轉作能源作物,不僅增加政府龐大的財務負擔,而作物的排擠效應,也將對糧食供應安全,形成潛在的危機。因此以本研究所得之結論為:台灣並不適宜發展生質柴油產業。

並列摘要


With the energy security crisis and the more serious greenhouse effect day by day,the whole world urges to develop the vicarious pure energy positively. Because the Biodiesel has the environment friendliness which cannot increase the extra carbon emissions theoretically,and it conforms to the use of the interface and the custom of the present fossil energy,it may decrease the fossil energy dependence,and suppress the speed of the Earth warming. Therefore it is regarded as an effectve tool that can solve the energy and the environment problems,and becomes the present development quite high substitution energy select. Taiwan energy reserves extreme deficient,so necessary energy depends on import nearly. Because the energy security is extremely low,and also because the consumption and the economical growth of energy have absolute straight relevance,the development substitution energy to disperse the risk has its urgent necessity. Taiwan in agricultural development,the rare cultivated area results from the limit of topographical conditions of the more high mountains and hills. It is unable to reach economic scale in grain-production. Therefore after joining WTO in 2002,it was unable compete with the low-priced import agricultural products. In order to avoid hurting the peasants for cheap grain,the government took the fallow subsidy measure to maintain the balance of the price and the quantity. That resulted in the fallow area has amounted to 230000 hectares which occupied cultivated area 37% by 2008. Based on the above realistic circumstance,the National Council for Sustainable Development unifies the cross meeting administrative departments to discuss the topic of Biodiesel, using the fallow farmland to plant bio-crops to develop the industry of Biodiesel in Taiwan. Depend on Industry’s Scientific and Technological Tactics Meeting of Executive Organ (SRB) of 2007 conclusion,Biodiesel will enter B2 in 2010,the goal will be 100,000 kiloliters. This research depends on above-mentioned situation,by SWOT、Life Cycle Assessment and the concept of developing continuously forever,appraising the market competitiveness in Taiwan Biodiesel industry,and the contribution degree of the environment impact effect and of the energy substitution. The study found that for the natural geographical conditions in Taiwan,the biodiesel does not have the potential for sustainable development industry no matter in economically and environmentally and community;and to the terrestrial grease crops in our country,wishing to achieve the goals of biodiesel B2 for 10 million KL,then the cultivated area is respectively required to:soybean about 210084 hectares,mergeto about 98814 hectares,sunflowers about 276243 hectares;its various total share of the Taiwan area of the proportion of fallow for 91.34%、42.96% and 120.11%. Taiwan's food self-sufficiency only reaches 32%, excessive awards fallow agricultural land for energy crops,not only increase the government huge financial burden,but also the squeezing effect of crops will form a potential crisis on the food supply safe. Therefore the conclusion of this research is: Taiwan is not appropriate to the development of biodiesel industry.

參考文獻


【22】 行政院農業委員會,91年度水旱田利用調整後續計畫,台北,2002年。
【27】 行政院環境保護署,中華民國環境保護統計年報,台北,2005年。
【35】 李宗德,我國四種再生能源產業的發展策略探討,碩士論文,國立臺灣大學商學組,台北,2006年。
【54】 陳筆,發展能源作物外部經濟效益評估,台北,《行政院農業委員會農糧暑95年度科技計畫研究報告》,2006年。
【72】 劉蘇萍,台灣能源需求之結構性變化、影響因素及節能政策效果,碩士論文,中原大學國際貿易系,桃園,2002年。

延伸閱讀