因應國軍常後分立建構機制契機整合國土救災安全網

Take the Opportunity of “Regular and Reserve Two-pronged System” as Supporting Base to Integrate with National Disaster Rescuing Network

盧台生(Tai-Sheng Lu)

指導教授 ： 張寬勇

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/土木與防災研究所/碩士(2005年)

摘要

因應緊急事故可能影響整體國家安全，民國九十二年行政院指示將現行各項緊急事故應變體系整合為「國土救災安全網」。現今國家大型救災行動，以常備部隊為救災支援之首選。但國軍精進案在民國九十三年底，以「常備打擊、後備守土」的指導完成「常後分立」的機制；未來常備部隊專司應急作戰及機動打擊，後備部隊負責重大災害應變支援及國土安全守備。本「精簡常備，廣儲後備」精神，常備員額將遞減，遇重大災難，為兼顧戰訓本務，必不敷地區救災支援分配，後備部隊派遣便為支援救災的主要選項。
鑒於政府政策和順應國軍發展，提出「因應國軍常後分立建構機制契機整合國土救災安全網」的及時性觀念與契機。有效整合與協調各項應變機制、支援體系及全民防衛動員準備體系，建構一通盤連貫的救災模組。
本研究經由資料調查與蒐集、文獻回顧、現況分析、作業研究、實例應用等進行相關議題之探討。研究成果如下：
(1)因應國軍常後分立建構機制契機，提出「以全民防衛動員為備援主軸建構國土救災安全網」的及時性觀念。
(2)律定中央災害主管機關循一定規範，呈報行政院核准，運用管制國防部後備事務司、後備司令部相關單位擔任「災害防救動員」秘書作業單位，並執行後備部隊派遣、災害防救動員，而形成擬建構之「全民災害防救動員機制」。
(3)建構適宜本土救災模組的緊急事故指揮體系，將國軍支援救災部隊納入緊急事故指揮體系中，以期達到國軍在派遣支援時，救災現場之指揮體系能有效的整合發揮最高效能。

關鍵字

國土救災安全網 ； 常後分立 ； 後備部隊派遣 ； 全民災害防救動員機制 ； 緊急事故指揮體系

並列摘要

For dealing with that the entire national security may be affected by emergency accident, in 2003, the Executive Yuan indicated that all the emergency accident reacting systems have to be integrated and turned into the “National disaster-rescuing network”. Presently, using the regular forces is the first choice to disaster relief support for national large-scale disaster relief actions. However, the “Jingjin Program” (The ROC Armed Forces Streamlining Program) has built the “Regular and reserve two-pronged system” mechanism under the instruction of “Regular forces conducting strikes and reserve forces defending the territory” at the end of 2004. The regular forces will only take charge with emergency military reacting operation and mobile strikes in the future, and the reserve forces will take charge with serious disaster reacting support and national territory security guard. According to the spirit of “Streamlining regular forces, and storing reserves extensively”, the prescribed number of personnel of regular forces will be decreased gradually. The regular forces will obviously be insufficient to support the distribution for regional disaster relief. Because its’ original duty of combat preparation and training have to be implemented while the serious disaster occurred. Therefore the reserve forces dispatch should be the major choice for supporting disaster relief.
Due to the government policies and catering for the trend of armed forces developing, this research bring up the timely concept and critical point of “take the opportunity of “regular and reserve two-pronged system” as supporting base to integrate with national disaster-rescuing network”. Integrating and coordinating all emergency reacting mechanisms, supporting systems and the all-out defense mobilization preparation system to establish an overall and articulate disaster relief module.
After probing relevant themes of discussion through data investigating and collecting, document reviewing, present status analysis, tasks research, actual example application and etc., this research has gotten some achievements as follow:
(1)For dealing with the turning point of structuring the mechanism of “Regular and reserve two-pronged system”, we bring up the timely concept of “Using the all-out defense mobilization as the main axis of backup support to establish national disaster-rescuing network”.
(2)The central authorities of disaster relief have to be stipulated to operate under a specific regulation, to submit to the Executive Yuan and acquire an approval, to apply and control the relevant units of Department of Reserve Affairs of MND and Reserves Command to serve as secretarial operation units of “disaster preventing and relieving mobilization” and to enforce reserve forces dispatch and disaster preventing and relieving mobilization to form the “All-out disaster prevention and relief mobilization mechanism” as anticipated.
(3)Establish the incident command system that is fitting our local disaster relief module. Subsume the military disaster relieving support troops into the incident command system for integrating and bringing the highest efficiency from the disaster relieving scene command system efficiently while the military troops are dispatched to support.

並列關鍵字

National disaster-rescuing network ； Regular and reserve two-pronged system ； Reserve forces dispatch ； All-out disaster prevention and relief mobilization mechanism ； Incident command system

參考文獻

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[41]劉冠效，「轉變中的日本安全保障政策—反恐特別措施法的探討」，問題與研究，第41卷，第5期，2002，第43頁。

[1]Dana Cole,“ The Incident Command System：A 25-Year Evaluation By California Practitioners,” California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection,” St. Helena, California, 2000.

[3]一按即通(POC)簡介網站，http://taiwan.cnet.com/news/comms/0%2c2000062978%2c20092913%2c00.htm。