- 學位論文
國軍防救災成效－從政策、教育、訓練三個面向檢視
The achievement of military disaster prevention－in terms of policy, education and training
摘要
政府為健全國內災害防救法令及體系、強化災害預防、執行搶救及災後復原、加強教育宣導、提升全民災害應變能力，除已頒布「災害防救法」外，早在84年行政院即核定教育部所提之「土木工程防災教育中程改進計畫」，以培育具防災、減災與緊急應變處理觀念之工程師。93年教育部亦正式提出「防災教育白皮書」，期能訂定妥善的防災教育政策，並透過相關教材及教育的推廣，將防災理念深植社會各階層，增加災害防治的知識，進而提升我國整體防災工作效能。 國軍為政府整體防救災體系之一環也是最有效率的隊伍，自不應拒絕於政府整體防救災體系之外。雖然國軍現行在執行救災時已有相關法源與規範、歷次救災成效也受社會好評，但就防災政策、法規、教育資源、災害應變演習等等項目中，因囿於「戰訓本務」之指導而與政府防救災政策之整體性與一慣性仍有精進之空間。 本研究除從國軍救災的歷史過程中觀其政策之演進外，並透過國軍具防救災專業之工兵、化學兵、憲兵等兵科學校在訓之正規班學員，以及國防大學陸軍學院與戰爭學院之學員，對國軍支援災害防救任務之相關意見作調查顯示，國軍在防救災作為上是獲得肯定的；惟在防救災政策、教育、訓練等項目，應制訂「災害防救業務計畫」納入軍事教育課程體系、強化部隊救災裝備與演訓，使國軍在防救災政策、教育與災害防救實務運作上與中央防災中心的整體架構相結合，落實軍民一體，發揮最大戰力，保障人民生命財產安全。
並列摘要
In order to have an integrated disaster prevention system which includes reinforce disaster prevention, perform rescuing and recovering missions enhance disaster prevention education and promote civil rapid reaction capability, the government thus pronounces ”The Disaster Prevention and Protection Act.” Besides, in 1995,the Administrative Yuan approved “Midterm Civil Engineering Modifying Program” which was addressed by Ministry of Education. With the Act and Program which have mentioned above, a lot of engineers who have professional knowledge in items of disaster prevention, managing and rapid reaction were cultivated in our country. In 2004, the Ministry of Education formally issued “White Paper on Education of Disaster Prevention”. A bide by the White Paper, the government could draw up proper disaster prevention education policy, and promoted the concept of disaster prevention to all level of the society so as to upgrade the whole efficiency in term of disaster prevention. ROC Armed Forces is a major part of over-all disaster prevention and securing system in our country. The achievements which performed by ROC Armed Forces in disaster securing missions are magnificence and have big applauses of our fellow countrymen. However, instead of disaster securing mission, the first priority of the Three Armed Forces are operational training, thus, there is still a large space to be advanced in the field of disaster prevention and rescuing in the military. With the officers of civil engineering, chemistry and military policy branch studying in basic military education school, Army Command and Staff College and War College as the targets of this study, the author has analyzed the answers produced of designed questionnaire by those targets. The study concludes that members of Armed Forces are positively reacted of performing rescuing mission. However, the results also indicate that Ministry of National Defense should make a certain policy in terms of disaster education, training and related items. Furthermore, the military should include “Disaster Prevention Program” as a part of military education curriculum, upgrade rescue equipment and increase the frequency of related exercises. Also, the author suggests that our government should combine military and civil disaster prevention system in terms of policy, education and training. Only with a whole spectrum mechanism, should our country have a most effective net to prevent the security and property of our people from the damage of disaster.