國軍提升緊急救災行動應變能力之研究

The Study of Improving the Response Capability of Disaster Relief in Military

陳良瀚(Lian-Han Chen)

指導教授 ： 張寬勇

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/土木與防災研究所/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2006.00292

摘要

在近幾年中，國內、外接連不斷發生了許多天然、人為的災害，不僅造成人民財產的損失，生命安全亦受到威脅，然而當災害發生時，當務之急應當快速的動員救災人員、裝備搶救，儘可能將災害降到最輕，而能夠快速出動、有效率、有紀律支援的救災單位，非軍事部隊莫屬，且在國際上幾次嚴重的大災害中，都藉由軍隊加入支援緊急救災，才讓整個救災的行動順利完成，並將損傷、災害減到最小，因此在本文中對於如何提升國軍緊急救災的應變能力作深入的研究。
本篇文章的研究方法以文獻分析法、描述性的理論模式、歸納法以及問卷訪談等方法完成。觀察軍隊支援救災有成的美國、日本之比較，及我國近年來軍隊救災情況，可發現我國的軍隊在救災方面有許多地方待精進，經綜合歸納，可分為以下幾個重大的問題：1、救災法令未周延；2、救災計畫未編訂；3、裝備籌備未整備；4、人才訓練未完善；5、救災經費未妥善。
再經由深入探討後發現要提升國軍緊急救災的應變能力，以及把握「黃金72小時」緊急救災時間，使國軍救災成效提升，以下五部分是最需要精進的部分：1、增訂(修)國軍緊急救災的相關法令；2、針對緊急救災業務擬定緊急救災計畫；3、緊急救災指揮機制之重新構建；4、依據計畫的內容建立編制表、購置裝備、物資及訓練人才；5、國防部預算編列救災專案經費；6、全民防衛與緊急救災的結合。

關鍵字

國軍救災 ； 救災能力 ； 全民災害防救動員機制

並列摘要

In recent years, there has occurred many natural and artificial disasters domestic and outside continuously, not only cause the loss of all the people, but also threaten the safety of life. However when the disaster occurs, the urgent matter must the mobilization disaster relief personnel, rescue the equipment and fall as far as possible the disaster to lightly. The fast set out, effectiveness and disciplinal disaster relief unit, must be the military army. Depend on the army join to support disaster relief in several international serious disasters, then lets the entire disaster relief motion complete smoothly, and reduce damage and disaster to the smallest. Therefore, it takes the thorough research to improve the response capability of disaster relief in army.
This article research method is by the reference analysis, the descriptive theory pattern, the induction and the interview of questionnaire. In contrast to the successful military support in US and Japan, we realize that the disaster relief in our army is still required improvement. According to my observation on several disaster relief, I found out some critical problems：1. The laws for relief are not completely. 2. The programs for relief are not planned. 3. The relief equipments arrangement is not complete. 4. The people require more training in disaster relief. 5. There are no precise rules for finance of disaster relief.
After by discussing the study to improve the response capability of disaster relief in army and to assure “the gold 72 hours” of the urgent disaster relief time, below five parts are the most needs to strive：First, enlarges and revises (repairs) the army urgent disaster relief related law; Second, draws up the urgent disaster relief plan in view of the urgent relief service; Third, rebuild the mechanism of the disaster relief command; Fourth, based on the plan content to set up the table of organization, purchase the equipment and commodity and trains the talented person; Fifth, ministry of nation defense budgets arranges the disaster relief special case finance; Sixth, combine all the people with the urgent disaster relief.

並列關鍵字

Army disaster relief ； Response capability ； All-out disaster prevention and relief mobilization mechanism

參考文獻

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