- 學位論文
環境NGOs/NPOs與企業夥伴關係之研究
The Partnership between Environmental NGOs/NPOs and Corporations
摘要
過去十數年來，NGOs/NPOs與企業建立「夥伴關係」以環境、社會問題，為雙邊合作關係之新策略。除了能夠消弭社會上之抗爭以外，更可藉由雙方合作來整合資源、創造商業價值與環境效益、提高環保績效建立聲譽、提供獨立之驗證等；並且以「雙贏」取代「零合競爭」，建立長期之合作關係。 綜觀國內相關學術研究，皆為NGOs/NPOs與企業之夥伴關係，並未深入探討ENGOs/ENPOs(Environmental NGOs/ Environmental NPOs)與企業之夥伴關係。然而，以目前來說，台灣社會上充斥著ENGOs/ENPOs與企業對立以及抗爭之情形。而因為雙方都有共同之目標，若能化敵為友進而結盟，除了可避免繼續浪費雙方寶貴之資源與時間外，更可藉由雙方之資源與專業，來為社會創造更多福祉。 本研究主要目的為瞭解台灣目前NGOs/NPOs與企業之關係、探討影響夥伴關係之成功與障礙之關鍵因子。首先廣泛蒐集國內外相關文獻並擬訂半結構化之訪談問卷，接著透過二次與NGOs/NPOs以及與企業之焦點團體訪談，分析訪談結果、提出應如何化解衝突與對立，改善並建立NGOs/NPOs與企業之夥伴關係之建議。 研究結果顯示，目前台灣NGOs/NPOs與企業之關係，有二種情形並存著：一是具多次合作經驗、一是仍舊處於對立狀態。非製造業與金融業等無明顯環境問題之企業比較會有與NGOs/NPOs合作之經驗、合作方式以及內容亦較為多元化；製造業則與NGOs/NPOs合作經驗較為缺乏，應是NGOs/NPOs對自身形象有所顧慮與堅持、多半傾向避開環境等較為敏感議題之故。然而有組織與企業有著既對立又合作之情形，為一個特殊個案。 訪談中提到有關毒化物釋放清單、揭露供應商等等，為NGOs/NPOs訴求之一部分。此項訴求對於企業來說需要有勇氣去面對與付諸行動；然而實際上企業皆評估過是否要將資訊公開並透明化，但是企業們認為現今台灣環境相對來說，由於大眾對於此類資訊理解程度不一，整體社會環境仍然較為不適合。或許NGOs/NPOs可以試著給與企業多些鼓勵。 本研究透過二階段之焦點訪談會議，發現雖然目前台灣存在著兩者之間許多對立與抗爭之情事，但兩者對於夥伴關係之看法，事實上NGOs/NPOs以及企業雙方皆抱持樂觀其成之態度，甚或已經有許多合作之案例存在著；亦有許多NGOs/NPOs與企業仍抱持觀望態度、毫無夥伴關係經驗之NGOs/NPOs與企業。然而無論夥伴經驗之有無，本研究所得之結果皆可做為未來研究者或其他相關人士對於夥伴關係相關議題之參考。
並列摘要
Over the past decades, NGOs/NPOs and corporations have a “partnership” which can eliminate conflicts between two sides. It can also create business value and environmental benefits, raise the environmental performance, leverage skills and perspectives not available in the organization, build respect and reputation, provide independent validation, and help achieve a win-win situation instead of just a competitive of zero-sum game. In comparison with studies in Taiwan, most of them just focus on the partnership between NGOs/NPOs and corporations, they are not discussing about partnership between ENGOs/ENPOs (Environmental NGOs/ Environmental NPOs) and corporations. Nevertheless, there are so many conflicts between ENGOs/ENPOs and corporations in Taiwan. In knowing they have common interests and purposes, we can harness the resources and skills from them to create more and more welfare for society if they can have the aim of “joint efforts” instead of conflicting between each other. This study aims to understand the relationship between environmental NGOs/NPOs and corporations, and analyzes the success factors and barriers. Four steps were followed. First, an extensive literature was conducted whih mainly focuses on partnership patterns, successful fators and barriers. Second, a semi-structure questionnaire was developed. Third, two focus group interviews were conducted with ENGOs/ENPOs and corporations were invited separately. Finally, suggestion about the partnership between NGOs/NPOs and corporations were obtained. The results indicated that there are two types of partnership relationship between environmental NGOs/NPOs and corporations in Taiwan: having many partnership experiences and remain conflicts between each other. Manufacturing industry may belong to the latter, while other sectors, such as financial and service industry have already had many cooperation experiences with NGOs/NPOs. Moreover, although there have many conflicts between each other, they still keep positive attitude toward being “Partnership”. Actually, some partneship may have already being progressed now. It is believed that this study should be able to provide some insight for anyone who concerns about the partnership relationship between environmental NGOs/NPOs and corporations.