汞削減政策與管理趨勢之研究

A Study of Mercury Reduction of Policy and Management in Taiwan

吳嘉浤(Chia-Hung Wu)

指導教授 ： 張添晉

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/環境工程與管理研究所/碩士(2009年)

摘要

汞係為持久性及生物累積性之環境毒性化學物質，亦列於聯合國潛在毒性化學品的國際註冊中心公告六百種化學品中之一，但仍是日常生活許多產品及產業上不可或缺之原料。近年來，國際間汞污染災害頻傳，重金屬物質危害亦逐漸成為世人所認知，故針對含汞物質之各項產品於源頭開採、限/禁使用、產品廢棄及處置流向採取嚴厲之管制措施實為刻不容緩。
本研究目的為探討全球汞物質削減政策及管理趨勢之相關現況，探討含汞物質之常見基本類型及特性，並了解全球汞物質之使用現況，同時蒐集國內外相關汞物質之相關管理管制法規資料、各國行政報告、專案研究報告、期刊及研討會論文集等相關文獻，進而選定探討四種日常生活中常見含汞產品（含汞電池、含汞體溫計、照明光源及牙科用汞齊）之國際間源頭管制及產出管制以及探討汞物質之削減策略。於管理趨勢方面，國際間汞管理及管制政策亦趨向「逐步限汞、最終禁汞」之最高策略目標，限制方式如階段性禁止使用或販售含汞產品、立法降低國內汞物質使用量、推助自願性減量措施及加強回收工作等；於削減政策方面，參酌聯合國以及歐美先進國家之汞物質削減策略，未來我國亦可以六大面向進行汞物質削減策略，其為(1)削減對汞需求；(2)削減汞排放；(3)嚴格管制含汞產品；(4)避免暴露於汞環境；(5)加強汞物質相關研究；(6)支持及促進國際汞行動。

關鍵字

汞 ； 削減政策 ； 汞減量

並列摘要

Mercury is a chemical substance toxic to the environment, it is durable and biological accumulative. Moreover, it is one of six hundred kinds of chemicals which are listed on the latent toxic registration center of the United Nations. However, it is still used frequently for life stuff and material of products. Recently, more and more misfortunes have occurred because of mercury pollution around the world. In addition, the disasters caused by heavy metal pollution becomes common news. Therefore, it is imperative to take stringent controls for every product that has mercury as well as source mining, limited or prohibitive using, and handing of waste.
The goal of this study discusses the related present situation of policy in reducing mercury material and tendency of management. Besides, it also talks about the basic type and characteristic of materials which contain mercury and realize the associated risk of using it. In addition, the author collects related documents including domestic and foreign laws, various countries executive report, special case memoir, and periodical and seminar collection. Finally, the author decided to choose four different daily products which contain mercury (battery, thermometer, lighting source and amalgam which are used by dentist) to discuss source mining between countries, production control, and the reducing strategy of mercury in these products. The highest strategy goal for the international mercury management and control policy “limit the mercury, to eliminate the use of mercury gradually”. The way to limit using mercury is to gradually eradicate the use containing mercury product, make laws to prohibit sales in our country, reduce using internal mercury stuff. However, experimenting to push voluntary decrement measure, strengthen the recovery work and so on. In the aspect of decreasing mercury use policy, the author suggests that would imitate the way of advanced countries like Europe and America in their approachto to reduce using mercury. In the future, the author considers that there are six different processes through which the reducing policy could be kept proceeding. Those are (1) reduces demand to use mercury; (2) reduce mercury emissions; (3) controls product which contains the mercury; (4) avoids exposing mercury in the environment; (5) strengthen mercury material research; (6) support and promote international mercury action.

並列關鍵字

Mercury ； Reduction Policy ； Mercury Decrement

參考文獻

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[1]United Nations Environment Programme, "Global Mercury Assessment," UNEP Chemicals, Geneva, Switzerland, December 2002.