臺灣地區廢乾電池管理評析與績效提升之研究

An Evaluation and the Performance Promote of Waste Battery Management in Taiwan

楊秀玲(Hsiu-Lin Yang)

指導教授 ： 張添晉

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/環境工程與管理研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2012.00481

摘要

乾電池與現代人的生活息息相關，國內年使用量約9,000至10,000公噸，廢乾電池因不易清除處理，且含汞、鎘、鉛等有害物質成分，未妥善處置，恐危害環境及影響人體健康。我國於民國78年將廢乾電池列為應回收的一般廢棄物，依法由乾電池之製造、輸入及販賣業者，負責回收清除處理。責任業者因執行績效不彰，自民國87年起，改由政府統籌規劃及推展相關工作。回收工作推行20餘年來，績效為何?政策措施有無待提升或改善之處，值得探討。
本研究經探討我國廢乾電池管理法令及運作機制等，並與先進國家進行比較分析，近年我國廢乾電池年平均回收率已達40%以上，成效與歐盟等先進國家相當；現行回收制度，在法制、組織與財務等面向，具有不同於歐美先進國家管制的特點，包括完備的法制管理體系、具公權力的運作組織及健全的財務等；但組織運作較缺乏彈性，財務運用靈活度較低，而影響成效。由歷年焚化廠的底渣成分分析資料顯示，廢乾電池的回收管制績效良好；另發現95年起乾電池的源頭限汞政策，在重金屬減量方面，比實施差別徵收費率所獲得的成效更好；並由歷年焚化廠的底渣中重金屬汞等分析資料顯示，廢乾電池的回收管制績效良好。也發現影響回收量變化的主因為補貼費率；而配合民眾的習性，回收管道的便利性又比經濟誘因更重要；在後端處理體系方面，在現行管理體制下，缺少提昇再生率的誘導措施，境內處理部分，競爭條件較為弱勢；而相對的，境外處理部分，則較缺乏執行效率的常態追蹤機制。
建議未來擴大管制乾電池重金屬成分及種類，應回收廢乾電池不宜以重量1公斤以下作為限制，對處理端實施分級補貼費率之鼓勵機制，持續回收教育宣導，並訂定目標，逐年提昇績效。

關鍵字

廢乾電池 ； 重金屬 ； 限汞 ； 回收率 ； 回收績效 ； 分級補貼

並列摘要

Dry batteries are closely related to modern life. The annual consumption amount in Taiwan is about 9,000 to 10,000 tons. Due to containing of hazardous heavy metals such mercury, cadmium and lead, without proper treatment, it will threaten the environment and human health. In 1989, dry battery was regulated as one of mandatory recycling items in Taiwan. According to the regulation, the recycling, disposal and treatment responsibility lies on the producer, importer and retailer of dry battery. However, the poor recycling performance of the mandatory parties induced the central government take over the implementation in 1998. After 20 years of the dry battery recycling management, it is time to evaluate the policy, regulation and the performance.
This research studies and compares the regulations, policies and implementation of waste battery management in Taiwan and other advanced countries. In Taiwan, the average annual recovery rate of waste batteries has reached more than 40%, which is as effective as in EU countries. The legal, organizational and financial aspect of current recycling system differs from other advanced countries. It features in more comprehensive legal regulations, powerful enforcement and sound finance. Nevertheless, lack of flexibility in the operation of organization and finance diminishes the performance. This study also finds out source control policy by limiting mercury content in new battery is much effective in heavy metal reduction than charging differential recycling fees. By analyzing data of incinerator residue and fly ash composition proves that the performance of waste batteries recycling is satisfactory. Subsidizing recycling fees is also another key factor affecting the recycling rate. But the availability and convenience of the recycling channel for the general public is much influential than economic incentives. As for the final treatment, there is less or no incentive policy to promote the regenneration in final treatment. Domestic treatment is less competitive. However, there is no regular tracking system to monitor the performance of offshore treatment.
It is advised by this research to increase the types of dry batteries for mandatory recycling, to eliminate current maximum unit weight of 1 kg, to subsidize end treatment plants differentially by its treatment rate, to continue public education and set up step-wise goals to gradually promote the performance.

並列關鍵字

Waste Battery ； heavy metal ； mercury limitation ； Recycling rate ； Recycling performance ； differential subsidization

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