冷凍循環系統監測及運轉異常診斷研究

The research of efficiency monitoring and fault decetion diagnosis of refrigeration system

吳宗叡(Tzung-Ruei Wu)

指導教授 ： 鄭鴻斌

國立臺北科技大學/機電學院/能源與冷凍空調工程系碩士班/碩士(2011年)

摘要

目前國內辦公大樓之能源耗費最大主要為空調系統，其中空調系統的性能老舊及部份元件的運轉異常造成不必要的能源消耗，本研究為了降低在這部份的能源消耗，以可程式控制器(PLC)整合冰水主機各元件之參數值，將冰水主機運轉時之壓力及溫度範圍，回歸出計算焓值之公式，以及使用壓縮機之輸入功率推算出冷媒之質量流率，此方法適用於密閉式壓縮機，計算出COP後，並使用人機介面做監測，為了讓使用者更了解自己的設備是否有故障，本研究做了幾種常見之長期運轉下的故障實驗，冷媒洩漏、冷媒過多及冷凝器散熱不良，實驗結果顯示，推算出之冷媒質量流率受外氣之影響較小，且會隨著冷媒的充填量增加而有明顯增加之趨勢，當冷凝器散熱不良時，其出口溫度及壓力也不會因外氣之溫度過低而有較低之情形。將實驗結果所得之參數變化輸入至PLC內，系統若有上述故障之情形時，藉由人機介面顯示其故障之原因為何，維修人員能隨時因應主機的運轉偏差，使冰水主機系統能夠在第一時間做出最好之調控，避免過度的能源消耗，達到即時監測之目的。

關鍵字

COP計算 ； PLC監測 ； 故障診斷

並列摘要

Air-conditioning systems consume most of energy in office buildings of Taiwan, and the performance aging of air-conditioning systems and operation abnormity of some components cause unnecessary energy consumption. In order to reduce such energy consumption, this study integrated PLC with the parameter values of various components of chiller. The equation for calculating the enthalpy was derived from the pressure and temperature ranges of chiller in operation, and the mass flow rate of refrigerant was calculated from the input power of compressor. This method was applicable to closed compressor. After obtaining the COP, the man-machine interface was used for monitoring. In order to let the user know whether the equipment has faults, this study conducted experiments of several frequent faults in long-term operation, refrigerant leakage, excessive refrigerants and poor heat elimination of condenser. The experimental results showed that the calculated mass flow rate of refrigerant is influenced by outside air slightly, and it increases significantly as the addition of refrigerant increases. When the heat elimination of condenser is poor, the outlet temperature and pressure would not decrease as the temperature of outside air was too low. The parametric variation obtained from experimental results is entered into the PLC, if the system has the above-mentioned faults, the man-machine interface displays the causes for the faults. The maintenance personnel can make the best regulation and control of the water chiller system at the earliest according to the operation deviation of chiller, so as to avoid excessive energy consumption for real-time monitoring.

並列關鍵字

Calculation Coefficient Of Performance ； PLC monitoring ； Fault detection and diagnosis

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