- 學位論文
塑膠模板之價值管理與分析
Value Management and Analysis of Plastic Formwork
摘要
土木營建業為工業之基礎，向來素有「火車頭工業」之美名，而土木營建工程之基礎材料便是鋼筋混凝土，縱使到了材料科學與工法技術突飛猛進的二十一世紀，構成土木營建工程的主體結構仍是以鋼筋混凝土為大宗；而混凝土在成型的固化過程中所不可或缺的配合事項之一便是模板作業（Formwork activity），若模板之組立有瑕疵則可能在混凝土澆灌過程中造成爆模的意外產生，輕者造成財務損失、重者導致人員傷亡；由此可見模板材料在土木營建工程中屬於重要的工程材料之一。 傳統的模板主要係以木材做為原料，故在經過幾次的重複使用後，木材的品質與強度自然會產生一定程度的衰退；因此一般約在反覆使用四到六次的翻模後，便會將模板報廢丟棄，但由於廢棄模板上所殘餘的鐵釘與為強化木材性質而使用的化學藥劑均使得其後續處理極為不易；此種情況在現今日益講究節能與環境保育的趨勢下，更明顯不符合環保的訴求。此外，為了持續工業與民生的進步，各種土木營建工程的興建並不會隨著地球的暖化而停止，但主要做為模板原料的木材被砍伐的速度卻是遠遠趕不上造林的速度，在此種惡性循環下，木材原料終有被砍伐殆盡的一天；因此，若能有理想的木製模板替代材料，將是一項值得深入研究的課題。 本研究所探討之主題，是分析塑膠模板(Plastic formwork)與木製模板(Wooden formwork)兩者做為模板材料的機能與成本間的價值情況；在研究方法中，由於塑膠模板與木製模板之生命週期並不一樣，故本研究乃導入生命成本(Life Cost)之觀念，分別針對塑膠模板與木製模板在施工性、經濟性、完成面平整性與環保性四大層面之實際成果做比較；研究成果顯示，不論在施工性、經濟性、完成面平整度與環保性，塑膠模板均優於木製模板，其中塑膠模板之生命成本為$27.78/M2、木製清水模板為$59.26/M2、木製模板則為$51.85/M2；由此可知，塑膠模板是一種非常值得開發的模板替代材料。
並列摘要
The civil construction industry is the basis of industry, always known as “Leading Industrial” and the basic material of civil construction engineering is reinforced concrete. Even in the 21th century, technology of materials science and engineering methods are scientific improve, reinforced concrete material still is the basic structure material of civil engineering construction. And the indispensable of concrete forming process is formwork activity. If the formwork in forming process have defect, it may cause the formwork burst in grouting. The light may come to naught, the heavier may causing workers casualties. This shows the formwork plays an important role in the civil engineering material. Traditional formwork mainly using wood as material, however, after repeating combination of formwork and removed, the nature and intensity of timber will produce a considerable degree of decline. For safety and insurance purposes, normally after repeating using 4~6 cycles can only be discarded. But the remaining nails and the processed timber of chemicals on the waste makes the subsequent treatment is not easy. In the current the trend of emphasis on energy conservation and environmental protection has become really not meet the environmental protection. However, in order to keep the progress of the industry, the civil engineering construction does not stop with the warming of the earth, but the timber, as a formwork material, the rate of deforestation is far behind the speed of afforestation. Timber material in this vicious circle will be deforested someday. Therefore, if there have ideal material to replace wooden formwork, will be a theme worthy of further study. The subject of research is using value analysis to do function and cost between plastic formwork and wooden formwork. In research method, the life cycle of plastic formwork and wooden formwork are different, so the research using the concept of life cost, doing the performance comparison to plastic formwork and wooden formwork in workability, cost, surface and environment. The research result shows the plastic formwork is better than wooden formwork in workability, cost, surface and environment. In life cost, the plastic formwork only cost $27.78/M2, wooden exposed form cost $59.26/M2, and wooden formwork cost $51.85/M2. The research result shows the plastic formwork is worthy to development.