變頻氣冷式冰水主機節能耗電分析

Analysis of Energy Saving for Air-Cooled Scroll Chiller with Variable Speed

段春雷(Chun-Lei Tuan)

指導教授 ： 張永宗

國立臺北科技大學/機電學院/能源與冷凍空調工程系碩士班/碩士(2012年)

摘要

隨著高科技工業的迅速發展，經濟快速的成長，如今空調工業在台灣已成人們生活上、工作上不可或缺的設備，同時它也是電氣設備中較耗能的設備之一；於是近幾年來的節能工作，大部分都針對空調主機及或其附屬設備，提出許多節能改善措施。
氣冷式冰水主機一般使用於中小型空調負載，其單一主機冷凍能力大都低於60RT，氣冷式冰水主機與使用於中大型空調負載的水冷式冰水主機相比，氣冷式冰水主機具有設備成本低、維護成本低、系統佔地比率低等優點；但在實際使用上與水冷式相比，由於氣冷式利用空氣作為熱傳導介質，與水相比，其熱傳導係數較低，相對熱傳效果較不佳，導致其主機性能係數（Coefficient of Performance，C.O.P）偏低一直是使用者所詬病之處，如能調整主機壓縮機以及散熱風扇的運轉容量，有效提升主機運轉性能係數(C.O.P)，將會使氣冷式冰水主機在使用上更加推廣。
本研究係針對氣冷式冰水主機的壓縮機及散熱風扇做變頻控制，並連續量測收集實際運轉數據，使用冰水出入水溫、冰水流量、耗電量、外氣濕球溫度等數據，進行主機性能分析。由實驗結果得知，適當地利用變頻器改變壓縮機與散熱風扇運轉頻率確實可有效提升氣冷式冰水主機運轉效能 (C.O.P)；利用數學運算軟體Mathematica 5，以性能係數 (C.O.P)為應變數，冰水出水溫、外氣濕球溫度、主機負載能力三個參數為自變數，線性迴歸一組性能係數模擬方程式，分析結果其R2值為0.90，其平均誤差率僅為1.44%。本研究所提出之迴歸模型，證明可有效地利用此數學模型調整變頻器以改變主機運轉頻率，以降低氣冷式冰水主機的壓縮機及散熱風扇端的耗電量，達到節能效果。

關鍵字

氣冷式冰水主機 ； 變頻 ； 節能 ； 線性迴歸

並列摘要

As the developing of high-tech industries and economic growth rapidly, air-conditioning has become the indispensable equipment of people's daily life as well as work nowadays in Taiwan. At the same time, it is the most energy-consuming equipment among all the electrical equipments. Thus, most of the energy conservation in recent years put forward many energy-saving improvements against the air conditioning equipment or air conditioning engineering installation.
Air-cooled chiller is general use in small and medium air-conditioning load, the cooling capacity of single chiller mostly below 60RT. The comparison between air-cooled chiller and water-cooled chiller that general use in large air-conditioning load, results that air-cooled chiller has the advantage of low-cost equipment, low maintenance costs and low area covers rate. However, due to the air-cooled chiller is using air as the medium of thermal conductivity in actual use, the coefficient of thermal conductivity is lower than using water as the medium of thermal conductivity. The relative heat transfer is poor cause the low C.O.P performance. In case of adjusting the operation capacity of compressor and cooling fan, it can improve the operation of C.O.P effectively and make the air-cooled chiller more popularize.
This study applied variable frequency control against the compressor and cooling fan of air-cooled chiller and the actual operation data is measured and collected continuously. Besides, the analysis of the chiller’s performance is carried out by using some parameter such as chilled-water supply temperature, chilled-water return temperature, chilled water flow rate, power consumption, outdoor air wet bulb temperature and etc.
From the experimental results, by using the inverter to reduce the operation frequency of the compressor and cooling fan appropriately, it can effectively improve the C.O.P of the air-cooled chiller. By using a computing software -Mathematica 5, C.O.P as the dependent variable, chilled-water supply temperature, outdoor air wet bulb temperature and chiller load capacity as independent variable, to regress a linear regression of C.O.P simulation equations. The analysis results shown that the R2 is 0.90, and the mean error rate is only 1.44%.
The regression model that carried out from this study verified that this mathematical model can be used to adjust the inverter to change the operating frequency of the chiller. Through this method, the energy consumption of the compressor and cooling fan of air-cooled chiller could be reduced and meet the goal of energy saving.

並列關鍵字

air-cooled chiller ； variable frequency ； energy saving ； linear regression

參考文獻

[8] 王聖凱，氣冷式冰水機創新冷凝盤管設計之氣流模擬，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學能源與冷凍空調工程系，2008。

[11] 鄭百晟,氣冷式冰水機組流場模擬分析, 碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學能源與冷凍空調工程系，2011。

[18] 臺北市政府環境保護局，娛樂營業場所噪音防制宣導網

[19] 彭開駿，冷卻水泵變頻之節能研究，國立台北科技大學能源與冷凍空調工程系碩士論文，民96。

[21] 馬達科技研究中心，變頻控制於流體機械節能之探討，莊漢東，第六十一期，