焚化灰渣中鉛重金屬含量之研究

A Study On Heavy Metal Lead Content In Incineration Ashes

劉東偉(Tung-Wei Liu)

指導教授 ： 章裕民

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/環境工程與管理研究所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2008.00335

摘要

垃圾經焚化後會產生約15~20%之焚化灰渣，對於環境有著相當大的負面影響及衝擊，更令社會大眾心生畏懼。
本研究以臺北縣大型區域垃圾焚化廠為研究對象，蒐集為期12個月份之灰渣組成特性（含底渣、飛灰及反應生成物），探討灰渣物種組成、鉛重金屬全含量濃度及TCLP溶出濃度，配合垃圾性質組成（含物理組成與化學分析）與焚化操作條件，進行迴歸分析，推論影響鉛重金屬含量特性之因子。
研究結果發現，鉛重金屬全含量濃度，以反應生成物為最高，測值1,343~3,918 mg/kg，平均為2,809 mg/kg；其濃度分佈主要在飛灰與反應生成物中，兩者合計約佔78%，底渣佔22%。鉛重金屬TCLP溶出濃度，底渣全數皆低於法規限值（5mg/L），惟飛灰與反應生成物，合計3次超出法規限值。底渣溶出率3.11%、飛灰溶出率2.85%及反應生成物溶出率3.09%。
垃圾性質組成部分，以塑膠類、廚餘類及皮革橡膠類進行迴歸分析，所得之結果以廚餘類（y=266.18x+2176.9，R2=0.1539）呈現低度之正相關。
焚化燃燒溫度部分，在高溫的條件下（919~1,028℃），鉛反應形成重金屬氯化物（PbCl2、PbCl4）對飛灰與反應生成物全含量濃度較有影響性。因此，鉛重金屬具有中度揮發性之特質。至於總燃燒空氣量部分，鉛重金屬含量分佈大都集中在飛灰（R2值為0.228）呈現低度之正相關。

關鍵字

焚化 ； 灰渣 ； 鉛 ； 重金屬

並列摘要

The waste in the incineration process produces 15 to 20 per cent of incineration ashes, which is a considerable impact and affect to the public.
The research is investigates the large-scale refuse incineration plants around the Taipei County with 12 months incineration ashes characteristic studies that include bottom ash, fly ash and reacted ash in the incineration, and with discussions of composed ashes, lead content concentration, TCLP leaching concentration,with the nature of waste(including physical composition and chemical analysis). Under the incineration operation terms, the study is also focusing the process of regression to analyze the factor in the lead concentration, the heavy metal content characterization.
According to results of the research, in the reacted ash, lead heavy metal content has the highest concentration of 1,343~3,918 mg/kg, at the average value of 2,809 mg/kg. 78 per cent of highest concentration distribution is found in the fly ash, and reacted ash, 22 per cent is found in the bottom ash. In the TCLP leaching concentration of lead, the bottom ash is controlled under the regulation of 5mg/L, but lead presents in the highest concentration at the fly ash and reacted ash respectively, that three results are higher than the control standard in the incineration heavy metal content regulation. The leaching rate of bottom ash is 3.11 per cent, the leaching rate of fly ash is 2.85 per cent, and the leaching rate of reacted ash is 3.09 per cent.
The nature of the waste is consisted of plastics, food wastes, and leather-rubber in the regression analysis. The result to the food wastes is y=266.18x + 2176.5，R2=0.1539, that the result appears not significant positive relationship.
In the incinerate combustion temperature section,Under high temperature conditions（919~1,028℃）,lead reaction formed metal chloride（PbCl2 and PbCl4）, the high burning temperature does affective to the fly ash and the reacted ash content concentration, the lead has small heat reaction with medium volatility of characteristic.As to the air combustion section, the high concentration of lead, the heavy metal is found in the fly ash（R2=0.228）, that the result appears not significant positive relationship.

並列關鍵字

incineration ； ashes ； lead ； heavy metal

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