- 學位論文
外環境及行駛模式對電動車空調負載影響之研究
A study of the effects of external environment and driving model on electric automotive air-conditioning load
摘要
電動車的能源損耗除動力系統外，空調的能耗占比最大。本文以Excel-VBA編寫空調負載的計算工具，藉由輸入不同的外環境氣溫、風速、太陽輻射和不同行駛模式…等參數，計算全車的空調負載。本論文考量車輛的圍護結構性質、玻璃入射角特性、太陽輻射、乘員、外氣和隔熱紙…等，透過熱量的傳導、對流及輻射三種熱傳途徑，以求得各部位的表面溫度，並且將計算結果與實測數據進行比較，結果顯示兩者的符合性良好，驗證了所建模型的合理性與計算準確性。 本文成功的發展出車輛空調負載計算工具，只要輸入車輛在不同外環境和行駛模式下的參數(如車速、GPS位置和當日最高低溫等)，即可得知當下車輛的空調負載或最大空調負載的發生點，進而作為空調控制策略的依據與大幅減少車輛空調設計開發的成本與時間。在DC變頻壓縮機及電子膨脹閥等相關控制技術較為成熟的現今，經由控制策略來調控電動車空調運轉情況，即可產生相對應之空調需量，滿足乘員舒適環境前提下，有效降低空調能耗，最大程度的提升了電動車的續航能力。其中研究發現乘員5人變為1人駕駛時，空調負載可節省11.2%，經由壓縮機運轉曲線得到相對應之製冷能力與耗功情況，壓縮機耗功可節省52.8%。
並列摘要
For electric automotive besides the driving power system the second largest power load is the air conditioning system. This study develops an Excel-VBA based air conditioning load calculation tool. The inputs of the load calculation include ambient air temperature, wind speed, solar radiation and different driving modes, and also other parameters. This study also considers the vehicle’s shell structure and materials, the radiation angle through the glass, low emission coating on glass, occupants, outdoor air etc. Heat conduction, convection, and radiation are all considered in the calculation to obtain the surface temperature of the shell structure. Comparison of he calculated results with the measured data shows good agreement, thus verify the proposed calculation model. The air-conditioning load calculation developed would require entering the conditions of ambient environment and the driving mode parameters such as speed, GPS location etc. Then the current load or the possible maximum load could be delivered to the control system. Moreover the load calculation tool as developed can be used in the design of automotive air-conditioning and the control strategy. Benefits of time and cost reduction can be realized in the design of new electric powered automotive. As DC variable speed compressor and electronic expansion valve and other related control technology can be integrated via a control strategy to regulate the function of electric automotive air conditioning. Proper control outdoor air and inside environment would satisfy the occupant comfort and reduce air conditioning energy consumption, hence also prolong the driving distance and the electric automotive battery life. It was found that when a five passenger car has only a driver in the car, the control strategy can reduce the air-conditioning load by 11.2%. Further optimization of the compressor operation matching the cooling capacity to the power consumption, the compressor power consumption can be saved by 52.8%.