- 學位論文
電動車冷暖空調耗能因子與節能潛力分析
The energy factor and energy saving assessment for electric vehicle air-conditioning system
摘要
電動車能源損耗除了動力系統外，空調能耗占比最大，為電動車主要電力負載之一。使用電動壓縮機取代傳統皮帶驅動壓縮機，並可依不同車速與不同空調需量以控制策略調控電動車空調運轉情況，產生相對應空調需量來減少能耗，提高續航力。本研究以具冷暖氣的電動車空調實驗系統，針對相關耗能參數進行測試，包括電動壓縮機轉速、電子膨脹閥開度、冷凝與蒸發風扇電壓等，分析相關耗能參數與不同空調需量的壓縮機節能效益，並依不同空調需量與各參數條件建立不同的運轉模式，包括快冷模式與省電模式，作為未來電動車冷暖空調發展之基礎。 研究發現電子膨脹閥開度為影響蒸發壓力之關鍵，相同壓縮機轉速下亦會影響系統能力的大小。在車輛行駛時，採風扇節能控制，相對於未使用任何節能控制，冷氣模式節能約10%，暖氣模式節能約10.8%；採相對應空調需量運轉之壓縮機轉速控制，與固定壓縮機之耗功相比，冷氣模式節能約27.1%，暖氣模式節能約30.8%；採風扇節能控制搭配壓縮機轉速控制，與固定壓縮機之耗功相比，冷氣模式節能約37.1%，暖氣模式節能約41.5%。
並列摘要
Air-conditioning is major power use for electric automotive, second only to the driving power. For the compressor replacing the belt-driven to electric power gives rise to many advantages. The air-conditioning system can be controlled to meet the demand and also at different driving conditions. The demand control would also save power so to prolong the driving distance. In this study an electric power air-conditioning with both heating and cooling was setup for experimental investigation. The operating parameters tested include the compressor speed, the opening of electronic expansion valve, fan speed control for the condenser and the evaporator. The test results of the above parameters were analyzed at different air-conditioning demand. High energy efficient operation modes of the compressor in respond to the demand were discussed. The operating modes include fast cooling and energy saving. The test results can be a good reference in the future development of the electric vehicle air-conditioning. The research results showed that the electronic expansion valve opening was the key factor of the evaporation pressure, and would also affect the system capacity with the compressor speed constant. With the vehicle moving fan energy saving control can save by 10% in air-conditioning mode, and was 10.8% in heating mode. When the compressor speed was controlled responding to the demand, compared with fixed compressor speed, power saving of 27.1% can be achieved in air-conditioning mode, and was 30.8% in heating mode. When both the compressor speed and the fan control were used simultaneously in driving mode, compared with fixed compressor speed, the power saving was 37.1% in air-conditioning mode, and was 41.5% in heating mode.