電壓調節模組之控制器的研製

本論文主要研製一種普遍應用於個人電腦主機板上之電壓調節模組(Voltage Regulation Module, VRM)之控制器，並以英特爾公司的電壓測試工具(Voltage Test Tool, VTT)加以驗證。多相互錯式的電壓調節模組，為專供中央處理器的電源系統，憑藉著高效能且使用較少外部元件，可有效的節省能源及降低整體成本。首先利用狀態空間平均法 (State-space Averaging Method)推導出降壓型轉換器(Buck Converter)的小訊號模型(Small Signal Model)及其相關的轉移函數(Transfer Function)，其次求得責任周期對輸出電壓的轉移函數，並藉由Maltab®/Simulink®軟體繪製其波德圖，再分別設計出對應於電壓模式控制(Voltage Mode Control)和電流模式控制(Current Mode Control)的補償器。最後以目前應用於主機板上的電壓調節模組解決方案為例，就不同材質的輸出大電容(Bulk Capacitor)、切換頻率及電感值，比較其效率、漣波電壓及暫態響應，證明電流控制模式具較佳的效率與暫態響應。

關鍵字

中央處理器；電壓調節模組；小訊號模型；補償器；暫態響應

並列摘要

The main purpose of this thesis is to design a controller for voltage regulation module (VRM), which is commonly used on the personal computer motherboard, and verify the test result using Intel Voltage Test Tool. Multiphase interleaved VRM is a power supply system for CPU, by means of high efficiency and using less external components. It effectively saves the energy and reduces the total cost. First of all, the state-space averaging method is used to derive the small-signal model of step-down converter (Buck Converter) and related transfer functions. Second, the transfer function of duty cycle to output voltage is derived and the related Bode Plot is shown using Maltab®/Simulink® software. Then, the compensators for both voltage mode control and current mode control are designed accordingly. Finally, the examples of VRM solutions to current motherboard are illustrated and compared. The efficiency, ripple voltage and transient response based on different material of capacitor, switching frequency and inductance are examined. The results confirm that current mode control offers better performance regarding the efficiency and dynamic response speed.

並列關鍵字

CPU ； VRM ； Small Signal Model ； Compensator ； Transient Response

參考文獻

[3] K. Yao, M. Xu, Y. Meng and F. C. Lee, "Design consideration for VRM transientresponse based on the output impedance," IEEE Trans. on Power Electron., vol.18, no. 6, November. 2003.

[11] X. Zhou, P.L. Wang, P. Xu, F. C. Lee, A. Q. Huang, “Investigation of candidateVRM topologies for future microprocessors,” September 2000.

[23] X. Zhou, P. Xu and F. C. Lee “A novel current-sharing control technique forlow-voltage high-current voltage regulator module applications” November2000.

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[1] http://www.intel.com/technology/mooreslaw/index.htm

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電壓調節模組之控制器的研製

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