應用GPS探討城鄉老人的生活軌跡

A Research on the Application of GPS to Study Daily Activity Paths of Urban and Rural Senior Citizens

陳世倚(Shih-Yi Chen)

指導教授 ： 蔡淑瑩

國立臺北科技大學/設計學院/建築與都市設計研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2009.00384

摘要

由於民國97年7月底65歲以上高齡人口已達到10.3%，經建會預估在2030年，我國65歲以上的老人將佔20％，高齡化現象日趨嚴重之時，若要真正落實在地老化的觀點，即顯示城鄉現有的服務資源並不完善。因此選擇城市與鄉村各一個社區進行探討。台北縣代表台灣都市化程度高、社經地位高的社區，而板橋市是台北縣政府所在地，有台北捷運系統板南線經過，是縣轄市的第一大都市，甚至比部分省轄市人口還多，是典型的都市衛星城市，具有除了台北市以外的台灣都市化社區的代表；台南縣代表都市化程度較低、社經地位較低的社區，但社區居民凝聚力較高、地理範圍較小、村落較集中、老人人口比與台北市較相當、交通出入動線較多元，故選擇台南縣西港鄉作為台灣鄉村社區的代表。故選定台北縣與台南縣。
本研究於國內研究中，首次以GPS軌跡記錄為主要的分析方法，透過GPS軌跡記錄器的記錄後，瞭解老人的時間運用、活動路徑與範圍，並輔以訪談、參與觀察進而知悉受訪者的活動類型與行為。首先利用GPS軌跡記錄器，記錄城鄉老人的生活路徑，再由環境心理認知與行為、社區參與、活動與撤退理論，來探討城鄉老人的行為活動，進一步對老人進行訪談更加深入了解行為與環境的訊息，透過資料歸結分析探討課題與對策。
藉由城鄉老人的生活軌跡，歸納出城鄉老人的時間運用與日常生活的路徑和活動地點，從個人時間上來看，平日與假日差異並不大，故可以說明高齡者並無假日與平日之差別，但家庭因素對於時間上之變異影響最大；從區域上來看，鄉村的必要時間明顯高於都市。在約束時間上，兩者於時間上差異不大。自由時間上都市明顯高於鄉村甚多；若與民國93年之數據作比較，鄉村與國人生活作息較為接近。而都市明顯於必要時間上差異最大。整體上與民國93年之數據作比較，整體必要時間減少。約束時間應與現今經濟效應有關，高齡者會安排酬庸事務來做。自由時間上應與地區性有關，都市較偏向電影戲劇類型的休閒，故使整體自由時間增加。而透過對高齡者的訪談，以知悉個人的環境認知及社區參與程度上是否有所不同。
而生活路徑的差異上，透過文獻整理與老人之活動型態，將老人分類為廣域型、遊走型、定點型三種類型老人，分析三種類型對實質活動地點的程度，透過此分析後，將老人最常去的公共設施地點和運用的時間相關性，以對社區空間加以連結與改善，以符合城鄉高齡者的實質需求與應用。

關鍵字

城鄉 ； 老人 ； GPS

並列摘要

Because in July of 2008, the quantity has already been up to 10.3% of the elderly people aged over 65, Council for Economic Planning and Development forecast in 2030, elderly people aged over 65 will account for 20％ in Taiwan, When the phenomenon that population takes at increasingly serious gradually, to truly implement the concept of the aging in place, will display the current service resources in urban and rural areas are not perfect. Therefore, choose a community with urban and rural to explore. Taipei County, urbanization and a higher social and economic status of communities on Taiwan behalf, and the Banqiao City is the seat of the Taipei County Government, have Taipei Rapid Transit System after Banqiao Line station and Nangang Line station, this is the first county metropolitan cities, even larger than the population of some cities under the provinces, it is the typical urban satellite cities, except represent the community of urbanization; Tainan County, urbanization and a higher social and economic status of communities on Taiwan behalf, However, the higher the cohesion of community residents, and the geographic scope of smaller, more focused on the village, and the elderly population with considerable Taipei, and transportation access to more diversified line. So I chose to Sigang Township, Tainan County, Taiwan on behalf of rural communities. Therefore, the selection of Taipei County and Tainan County

This research is in domestic studying, it is a main analytical method in GPS orbit record for the first time, after through the GPS orbit record to record, understand the time uses of elderly, path and the scope of activities, and supplemented by interview, participant in observing and then to understand the types of activities and behaviors. First of all, utilize GPS orbit recorder to record the path of life of urban and rural elderly, and then to from psychological cognition of the environment and behavior, community involvement, activities and the withdrawal theory, probe into the behavior activity of the urban and rural elderly, further interviews for the elderly, understanding the information of the behavior and environment in depth, sum up and analyze the countermeasure solved through the data.

With the life orbit of the urban and rural elderly, Sum up the time for urban and rural elderly use, and the path and activity places of daily life, time from a personal point of view, differences between weekdays and holidays is not enough. Therefore, the elderly can be interpreted as there is no difference between holidays and weekdays, but the family factor of time is the most influential to the variation; from a regional point of view, villages was significantly higher than the city the essential time. On the Time constraint, the difference in time between the two is not significantly. On the free time, the city is obviously higher than a lot of villages; if compare with the data in 2004, work and rest and relatively close in village and compatriots' life. And obvious in the city the difference is the greatest on essential time. Compare with data in 2004 wholly, the essential time of the whole is reduced. Constraint time from should relate to current economic effects, Reward will be arranged for senior citizens to do business. Free time should relate to provincialism, the city relatively leans to the recreation of the drama type of the film, Therefore, the overall increase in free time. Through interviews with senior citizens, understanding of personal environmental cognition and participation of the community in the degree whether there is different.

Differences on the path of life, through the documentation of activities and patterns of the elderly, classified the elderly as " Wide area type ", " Walk type ", " Fixed-point type ", analysis the degree to the place of real activities of three types, Through analysis, to the elderly the most common place of public facilities associated with the time of use, In order to links and to improve for the place of community, to accord with essence demand and application of in urban and rural elderly.

並列關鍵字

Urban And Rural ； Senior Citizens ； GPS

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