應用於無線感控網路之可靠通訊架構

A Reliable Communication Framework for Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks

康富強(Fu-Chiang Kang)

指導教授 ： 林信標

共同指導教授 ： 蕭榮修(Rong-Shue Hsiao)

國立臺北科技大學/電資學院/電腦與通訊研究所/碩士(2014年)

摘要

無線感測器網路(wireless sensor networks, WSNs)是由大量的分散式自主裝置所組成，以無線的方式收集資料，並採用相互合作的方式監控環境的狀況，ZigBee裝置提供低功耗及低成本的優點，適合應用於家庭/辦公室自動化系統。對於家庭/辦公室自動化的應用，無線感測器網路也需要從收集槽節點/協調器傳遞控制的訊息到致動器，此種無線感測器網路稱之為無線感控網路(wireless sensor and actor networks, WSANs)。無線感控網路的共同目標，是從感測器節點準確地偵測事件，然後可靠地傳遞至收集槽節點，收集槽節點再即時地將控制資訊傳遞給致動器。然而鏈路品質可能會隨時間、環境及其他無線電波的干擾而改變，此外，一個無線感控網路也會因為密集的感測器節點佈建及多對一的網路通訊本質，而產生頻道競爭及網路壅塞問題，因此確保網路通訊的可靠度，對於建構一個室內應用是最為重要的。
為解決室內網路通訊不可靠的問題，本論文提出了一個可靠的網路通訊架構，其包括一個階層式叢集的網路拓樸及一個強健型的節點佈建方法，並結合跨層級路由通訊協定，以解決動態的環境所引起的網路通訊問題。模擬和實驗測試結果顯示，本論文所提出的通訊架構能夠達到一個高水準的封包接收率，所提出之跨層路由通訊協定比起ZigBee通訊協定所規範的AODV (Ad hoc on-demand distance vector)路由協定能有更高的封包接收率。

關鍵字

無線感控網路 ； 通訊可靠度 ； 即時性 ； 壅塞避免 ； ZigBee

並列摘要

Wireless sensor networks comprise of a large number of spatially distributed autonomous devices that may collect data using a wireless medium. They may be used to cooperatively monitor and control physical or environmental conditions. The ZigBee-based products provide benefits of low power and low cost, which become natural candidates for indoor applications. For the application of home/office automation, wireless sensor networks also have to deliver control messages from the sink/coordinator to the actor. A wireless sensor network has such actors, the so-called wireless sensor and actor network, or WSAN. The common objective of wireless sensor and actor network is to accurately detect event features from the collective data provided by sensor nodes, and reliably deliver to the sink, then sink send the control messages to actors promptly. However, the link quality may fluctuate over time due to changes in the environment and other radio interferences. Also, the channel contention and the network congestion may affect the reliability of WSAN because of densely deployed sensor nodes and many-to-one nature of WSAN networking. Therefore, overcoming the reliability problem is crucial for developing indoor applications.
This paper focuses on improving the network reliability of wireless communication in indoor environments. The paper addresses this problem by means of an appropriate network framework which includes a hierarchical clustering network topology and a robust nodes deployment, then through the proposed cross-layer routing protocol to overcome the dynamic environment. The simulation and experimental test results showed that the proposed cross-layer routing protocol has achieved a high level of packet reception rate and is better than the AODV routing which is defined by ZigBee communication protocol.

並列關鍵字

wireless sensor and actor networks ； communication reliability ； real-time ； congestion avoidance ； ZigBee

參考文獻

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[5] ZigBee Alliance, “ZigBee specification,” ZigBee Document 053474r13, 2006, pp. 344-346.