架構於無線感測網路之資料收集系統與改善網路可靠度

Design and Implementation of Data Acquisition System Based on Wireless Sensor Network and Reform the Network Reliable

孫殿宜(Tien-Yi Sun)

指導教授 ： 蔡孟伸

國立臺北科技大學/機電學院/自動化科技研究所/碩士(2007年)

摘要

本研究應用最近新興的無線感測器網路技術，發展一套資料收集系統。透過改良式的HEED(Hybrid Energy-Efficient Distributed Clustering Approach for Ad-hoc Sensor Networks)技術，將感測資料傳回個人電腦(Sink)，並於個人電腦上進行資料處理。首先本論文利用TinyOS提供的應用程式擴充所需要的命令傳送機制，第二步則是將所監測到的感測資料利用改良式HEED演算法機制送回Sink端，並透過圖形監控軟體繪出所感測到的資料，第三步則是建立命令的傳送機制，利用叢集節點資料表(Cluster-Table)做為判斷依據，在使用者輸入命令且指定目的地節點之後，判別目的端節點是否位於叢集節點資料表(Cluster-Table)內，若位於資料表內，則進行轉送命令封包的動作，以達到降低感測器耗電量的目標。最後，本論文實作一套使用者介面，使用者可以輕易的經由此介面做命令傳送與資料接收。

本論文建構的系統軟體架構具有擴充性，容易維護，可大幅降低系統整合及後續開發成本。經由模擬結果可以發現，感測的資料可以利用叢集路徑回傳，並透過叢集節點資料表，判斷是否轉送命令給目的端。本系統之實際驗證均實現在自行開發的Micaz-like實驗板上，經實際驗證與模擬結果發現，雖然在某些情況下資料封包會因為碰撞產生遺失，但感測資料利用多跳躍機制回傳確實可行，具備實用的價值。

關鍵字

無線感測網路 ； 多跳躍技術 ； 叢集節點資料表

並列摘要

This thesis proposes a data acquisition system based on the novel wireless sensor network technology. The proposed system reforms the HEED technology and uses the developed algorithm for transferring sensor data to a sink. TinyOS is used to implement the proposed system since it is designed for wireless sensor network applications. There are several examples provided in TinyOS package which explain the usage of the system. In the proposed system, these applications are integrated and improved to form a complete application. First, an application provided in TinyOS which demonstrates the command transmitting to the nodes within the radio range of the sink is extended. The application is modified such that the command can be received by all nodes in the system. Secondly, the sensor data is transmitted to the sink node using proposed technique. Thirdly, every node in the proposed system utilizes a Cluster-Table to keep track of known sensor nodes. This mechanism will reduce the cost of transmission while maintain the reachibility of the command to every node. Finally, a GUI application is developed so that commands can be sent easily. Since the software structure of the proposed system is easy to expand and maintain, it can significantly reduce the effort required for future integration and development.

Simulation results show that the developed system is capable of transmitting data through proposed mechanism while the command can be transmitted to the nodes using Cluster-Table which is proposed in this paper. The system is actually implemented on Micaz-like platform. The experimental results show that under some circumstances the data packet may lose due to packet collision. However, the system is capable of transmitting sensor data correctly in most cases.

並列關鍵字

Wireless Sensor Network ； Cluster Table ； TinyOS

參考文獻

[1] Edgar H.Callaway, Wireless Sensor Networks Architectures and Protocols, San Francisco California : Morgan Kaufmann, Elsevier Science, 2004.

[2] I. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, and E.Cayirci. “Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey,” Computer Networks, vol. 38, no. 4, March 2002.

[4] J. Hill. System Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks. PhD thesis, UC Berkeley, May 2003.

[6] Ossama Younis, Sonia Fahmy, “HEED: A Hybrid, Energy-Efficient, Distributed Clustering Approach for Ad-hoc Sensor Networks,” in Proceeding of the IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, Oct.-Dec. 2004, pp. 366-379.

[7] Ossama Younis and Sonia Fahmy, “Distributed Clustering in Ad-hoc Sensor Networks: A Hybrid, Energy-Efficient Approach,” in Proceedings of The Annual IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (IEEE Infocom 2002), March 2004, pp. 629-640.