台灣典型建築結構之RTS法熱負荷資料庫建立及定性分析

The Built-up of a Data Base and a Qualitative Analysis of RTS Heat Load Computation for Typical Building Envelopes in Taiwan

劉錥錚(Yu-Cheng Liu)

指導教授 ： 蔡尤溪

國立臺北科技大學/機電學院/能源與冷凍空調工程系碩士班/碩士(2011年)

摘要

建築物耗電量中以空調為最，約占30%-50%，因此降低建築空調負荷是節能之必要。輻射時間序列法(Radiant Time Series, RTS)是以簡易週期權重法，將不同組合之建築外殼與內部的熱得，轉換成熱負荷，且維持計算之準確度。本研究首先收集分析台灣典型的外牆結構、屋頂結構及其建材的熱力性質，並建立用於RTS法的週期反應係數(PRF)以及輻射時間係數(RTSF)，共有29種外牆結構(TW01-TW29)及20種屋頂結構(TR01-TR20)之資料庫，進而完成含以上資料庫之「RTS-2空調負荷計算程式」。本研究以一基準建築模型，利用台北氣象資料進行本土化的案例模擬分析；後分別依據各項建築結構因子如外牆結構、屋頂結構、方位、外牆傾斜角、窗高及外遮陽，以及綠建材等方面進行變數對空調負荷的影響分析。結果顯示，全年月平均最高負荷發生於九月份。各項建築結構因子研究發現外牆結構中TW29的夏季尖峰熱負荷值最小；屋頂結構中，則以TR15熱負荷最高；牆面傾斜以大於90度者較佳；有效外遮陽長度在1.00m以上；外牆輻射吸收率則與負荷幾乎呈線性關係。最佳化建築模型組合與原基準模型比較，夏季之尖峰負荷差比可達28.45%。

關鍵字

RTS ； 空調負荷計算 ； 台灣典型建築結構

並列摘要

Air-conditioning is often the largest item of power consumption for buildings, accounts for about 30%-50%. Therefore lowering cooling load is an important energy saving measure. Radiant Time Series Method is a simple method for calculating heat loads from building envelope and also the internal sources. Periodic weighting factors are used for hourly heat gain and heat load calculation with sufficient accuracy. This research first studied the typical exterior wall and roof structures of Taiwan. Then the periodic response factors (PRF) and the radiant time series factors (RTSF) were computed based on the thermal properties of these building materials. A computer program RTS-2 was written with a built-in data base of PRF and RTSF consisting of 29 types of wall structures, TW01-TW29, and 20 types of roof structures, TR01-TR20. Then a heat load analysis was carried using the RTS-2 developed in this research. A typical building model was used as the base case so to study the impacts of weather data, exterior wall structures, roof structures, locality, tilt angle of wall, length of window shading, and also other green building methods. The results show that the monthly average peak load occurs in September. TW29 wall would result in the lowest summer peak load. However, TR15 would be the roof type with the highest heat load. Also wall tilt angle of more than 90 degrees is preferred. The effective length of window is larger than 1.00m. There is a linear relationship between radiative absorptivity of the wall and the heat load. The best combination of wall and roof when compared with the typical building model, the summer peak load of the can be reduced by 28.45%.

並列關鍵字

Radiant Time Series (RTS) ； Air-conditioning Load Calculation ； Typical Building Structures in Taiwan

參考文獻

[8] 楊俊欣、范植賢、蔡尤溪，「辦公建築空調全年耗能電腦模擬與耗能因子解析」，冷凍與空調，第22期，2003，第77-85頁。

[21] 許庭嘉，空調負荷計算輻射時間序列計算法(RTS)程式開發及降低空調負荷研究，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學能源與冷凍空調工程研究所，台北，2009。

[5] J.E. Peterson and W.H. Blodgett, "Energy Savings Resulting from Building Envelope Upgrades in Mid-Rise Construction – A Case Study," Journal of ASTM International, Vol.4, No.59, Oct. 2007.

[7] M. Bojic and F. Yik, "Cooling energy evaluation for high-rise residential buildings in Hong Kong," Energy and Buildings, 37, 2005, pp.345–351.

[10] G.P. Mitalas, "Transfer function method of calculating cooling loads, heat extraction rate, and space temperature," ASHRAE Transactions, Vol. 14, 1972.