臺北市公園學校地下停車場 於地震災害發生後作為臨時避難收容場所模擬研究

Research and Simulation of Taipei’s Parks and Schools Underground Parking Lot as Temporary Shelter after Earthquakes

周茂益(Mao-Yi Chou)

指導教授 ： 林裕昌

國立臺北科技大學/設計學院/建築與都市設計研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2009.00423

摘要

本研究係針對附建於公園之地下停車場作為都市震災害後災民短期避難收容使用之研究。睽諸九二一集集地震震害案例，發現有許多原規劃作為臨時收容場所之學校等公共建築發生倒塌或嚴重受損情形，無法發生預期避難收容功能，且有因震後初期因受災人員安置遲緩不及致社會嚴重混亂及民怨四起情形，在人口稠密的台北市，若發生類似強震避難收容場所恐因前述原因致收容量不足的情形下，附建於公園的地下停車場具可及性及及時提供遮蔽的性能，如能將此空間納入都市防災規劃體系中，可發揮即時避難收容及物資屯放等功能，可使都市防災計畫更加完備，有鑑於此，本研究以實際案例進行耐震及防火避難等安全性能之驗證，發現地下停車場耐震性能甚佳、僅需配合施作及調整部分防火區劃即可達災民短期避難收容使用所應具備之防火避難性能，在搭配地上公園空地整體規劃使用前提下，可作為震災後人員避難收容使用之替代方案，估計最多可提供6萬5,870位災民收容使用，另本研究並於結論中提出後續研究方向之建議。

關鍵字

短期收容 ； 地下停車場 ； 地震災害 ； 耐震性能評估 ； 防火避難安全性能

並列摘要

This research focuses on the study of underground parking lots of parks as temporary shelters for earthquake victims in urban areas. Taking the 921 Chi-chi Earthquake as case study, we discovered that many of the schools and public areas that were planned as temporary shelters either collapsed or underwent serious damage. Not only could they not attain the originally expected sheltering functions, in addition, shelters for many quake victims were belatedly arranged after the quake, causing serious chaos and public discontent. In highly populated areas such as Taipei, the demand for temporary shelter would be higher than supply in similar scale of earthquake for exactly the reasons mentioned. In this event, the underground parking lots constructed under parks can provide immediate and accessible sheltering functions. If this space can be included into the urban disaster plan, it can serve as shelter and storage for goods, and our urban disaster plan would be more complete. In light of this, this research proceeds to certify the quake and fire resistance safety functions under actual circumstances, and discovered that underground parking lots have good quake resistant functions, and can serve as alternative temporary shelters. As for the disaster functions that were found inadequate, recommendations for improvement are proposed. this study estimated to provide 65,870 earthquake victims use as temporary shelters. Furthermore, this study also provides recommendation for future research in the conclusion.

並列關鍵字

emergency shelter ； underground parking ； Seismic Performance Evaluation ； Fire evacuation safety ； Evaluation of the performance of fireproof design

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