台北市防災公園規劃與設計之研究－以大安森林公園為例

A Study of Planning and Design of the Disaster Prevention Parks - take Da- An Forest Park as an example

陳緯萍(Wei-Ping Chen)

指導教授 ： 蘇瑛敏 ； 蔡淑瑩

國立臺北科技大學/設計學院/建築與都市設計研究所/碩士(2005年)

摘要

台灣近年來隨著社會經濟的蓬勃發展，導致都市人口密集、土地被高度開發利用、都市公園綠地銳減、建築物密集等現象導致潛在性的「都市災害」因子逐漸增加，使社會大眾生活在危險的環境之中。依據《臺北市政府災害防救政策白皮書》之規劃目標即期望將台北市建構成一座「防災、耐災的臺北城」以提供市民一個安全的生活空間，該文在擴展災害防救教育與宣導方面希望透過「防災公園」的設立，提供市民避難場所、臨時收容地點與教育防災與自救觀念場所。
台北市自民國八十九年起便率先依各行政區域規劃與設計十二座防災公園，但由於各防災公園之設置乃藉由既有公園並加入「防災」功能，礙於時間上的匆促、經費上的短缺等問題，以致目前各防災公園儘設置簡單防災工具與規劃防災公園層級等工作，且亦無具體防災建設、評估與設計準則。因此本研究以國外相關經驗與回顧防災公園類型、功能與評估準則之文獻得到地區型防災公園評估項目，其次就個案研究之方式以大安森林公園作為實證案例分析，探討防災公園規劃與設計落實情形，最後並藉由案例分析結果彙整出影響課題與解決對策，以作為日後防災公園規劃與設計之參考。
本研究之主要研究成果呈現如后：
一、本研究發現目前防災公園規劃與設計缺乏評估與設計準則。
二、防災公園內防災設施方面大多以「臨時性」方式設計，故在多數民眾對於防災公園規劃與設計並無特別影響與感受。
三、本研究透過評估項目評估台北市十二座防災公園規劃與設計現況後發現，台北市防災公園共可區分為地區型防災公園與社區、鄰里型防災公園兩類，前者共計五座，該類型之在公園基地之安全性、緊急用廁所、避難標識與民眾參與機制等四項未達標準；後者共計七座，該類型在避難標識、民眾參與機制兩項均未達標準，此外就無障礙設施項目來看僅二二八及玉泉公園兩座達到標準。
四、本研究建議日後進行防災公園規劃時可從規劃整備層面、建設層面（防災設施與設備）、管理維護層面與民眾認知層面等四項層面共計二十五項評估項目著手。同時政府亦須提升既有都市公園之防災機能、強化都市防災圈域、增進政府各相關部門合作與善用社區資源，使得我國防災公園之建設能向前邁進趨於完善。

關鍵字

防災公園 ； 避難場所 ； 大安森林公園

並列摘要

In recent years social and economic development in Taiwan has resulted in high-density urban population, extensive land utilization, drastic decrease in parklands and concentrated buildings. Consequently, potential “urban disaster” factors began to increase and people are forced in live in hazardous environment. The purpose of “Taipei City Government White Paper on Disaster Prevention and Relief Policy” is to establish a “Disaster-Proof, Disaster-Durable City,” so citizens will have a safe place to live in. In the area of disaster prevention/relief education the paper aims at providing for citizens shelters, temporary refuges and disaster-prevention and self-rescue education facilities through the establishment of “Disaster-Prevention Parks.”
Since 2000 Taipei City has established 12 disaster-prevention parks in accordance with its administrative districts. Yet the disaster-prevention parks were set up out of existing parks with disaster-prevention functions added. It was done in haste, and the budget was inadequate. As a result the disaster-prevention parks were only equipped with simple disaster-prevention tools. There are plans for disaster-prevention parks, but no actual standards for disaster-prevention establishments, evaluation and design. Therefore, based on experiences of foreign countries and review of documentations on types, functions and evaluation standards of disaster-prevention parks, this study acquires evaluation items pertinent to local disaster-prevention parks. Then Ta-an Forest Park is selected for case study of planning and design of disaster-prevention parks. Finally through outcomes of case analysis strategic issues are identified and solutions are proposed as reference for future planning and design of disaster-prevention parks.
Major outcomes of this study are as follows:
1.This study discovers that current planning and design of disaster-prevention parks lack evaluation and design standards.
2.Most facilities of the disaster-prevention parks are designed as temporary devices, so most people didn’t feel the impact of the planning and design of disaster-prevention parks.
3.Following evaluation of Taipei City’s 12 disaster-prevention parks via the evaluation standards, this study discovers that the City’s disaster-prevention parks can be divided into two types: regional disaster-prevention parks and community/neighborhood disaster-prevention parks. The first type includes 5 parks. It fails to meet the standards in the area of site safety, emergency restroom, evacuation sign and public participation mechanism. The second type includes 7 parks. It fails to meet the standards in the area of evacuation sign and public participation mechanism. In the area of “Barrier-Free Facility” only 228 Park and Yucuan Park meet the requirement.
4.This study recommends that planning of disaster-prevention parks begin with the 25 evaluation items of four facets: planning preparation, development (disaster-prevention facility and equipment), management and maintenance and public understanding. Government agencies need to enhance disaster-prevention functions of existing urban parks, strengthen urban disaster-prevention segments, improve inter-agency cooperation and make effective use of community resources, so disaster-prevention parks of Taiwan will be perfected.

並列關鍵字

Disaster-prevention park ； shelter ； Ta-an Forest Park

參考文獻

[34] 許明禎，民眾對公園綠地防災機能認知及避難行為傾向之探討，碩士論文，國立台灣大學園藝學研究所，台北，2000。

參考文獻

一、書籍

[1] 李威儀編，台北市都市計畫防災系統規劃，台北：中華民國都市計畫學會，1997，頁17。

[2] 吳榮平編著，都市防災導論，桃園：中央警察大學，1999。