都市空氣污染問題日趨嚴重,都市風場的風道因建物量體而受阻滯,導致污染物質微粒易產生堆積,影響都市環境品質。然而,都市設計準則中對於建築量體造型僅考量都市景觀美學,對於都市微氣候的影響仍缺乏明確規範。 本文以建物造型為研究對象,透過建築物理環境的基礎,使用計算流體動力學(CFD)進行污染物擴散模擬並透過環境統計分析驗證模擬數據,以知名建築物造型做污染物擴散模擬之研究,分析建物造型對於都市風場中污染濃度堆積、流場特性、尾流之影響,期能找出最有利於氣流疏導之建物造形相關參數,釐清都市風場中影響污染物擴散之重要因子。 本研究成果得知,都市風場中單一建物量體造型的改變對於污染物擴散無顯著影響,針對於微觀的風場特性下建物形體越平滑對於風速阻礙越小,污染物擴散的效果也就越好。綜合上述結果,建議首先應將建築群依循風向排列,其次視風向需要再改變建物造型,期望將其結果應用於擬訂都市計畫及都市設計中,以都市生態被動手法研訂土地使用管制與都市設計準則,作為建物量體造型管制之參考標準,進而改善都市環境品質,達到都市生態城市之願景。
Urban air pollution problem is serious day by day; air flue of wind field is blockaded by building body leads the accumulation of pollution particles easily, affects the urban environment quality. However, for building body shape, the urban design guidelines only consider urban landscape aesthetics, lack of definite norm on the influence of micro-climate. This paper sets building shape as research object, on the basis of physical environment of building, by the way of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate pollutant dispersion, and through environmental statistical analysis to verify simulation data, by means of well-known building shapes to do pollutant dispersion simulation study, analyzing the influence of building shape on accumulation of pollution concentration, flow field characteristic and weak of urban wind field, hoping to find out the most conducive air current unblocking parameters for building shape. To clarify the important factor, influences pollutant dispersion in urban wind field. From conclusion of the study, single building body shape change has no significant effect for pollutants dispersion in urban wind field, for microscopic wind field characteristics, the smoother building shape the smaller blockade to wind speed, and the better effect of pollutants dispersion. Summarizing above, firstly, building arrangement should follow the wind direction, secondly, follow the need for the wind direction to change building shape again, expecting to apply the results in development of urban planning and urban design, to provide land use controls and urban design guidelines an urban ecology passive approach, as building body shape control reference, then to improve urban environment quality, and to achieve the vision of urban eco-city.